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Disruption of OsARF19 is Critical for Floral Organ Development and Plant Architecture in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Floral organ development is fundamentally important to plant reproduction and seed quality, yet its underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown, especially in crop plants. In this study, we characterized rice null mutant osarf19, which was isolated from a T-DNA insertion pool. The mutant displayed three types of abnormal florets: an enlarged and degenerated palea, and an additional lemma. It also showed enlarged plant architecture, including elongated basal internodes and leaves. Cellular morphology and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that cell elongation caused the enlarged organs. Transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) lines of OsARF19 had similar phenotypes to the osarf19 mutant, confirming the role of OsARF19 in floral and vegetative organ development. OsARF19 is expressed in various tissues, especially young panicles and basal internodes, which are elongated. OsARF19 was induced by IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatment and functioned in the nucleus. By qRT-PCR analysis, we found that disruption of OsARF19 increases expression levels of OsYUCCA and OsPIN family members, while reducing OsGHs transcription activity. The high auxin performance greatly upregulated two floral organ regulators, OsMADS29 and OsMADS22, possibly responsible for palea abnormalities in osarf19. Our data provide new knowledge on the mechanisms of floral organ development, as well as possibilities in breeding for ideal plant architecture.

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Abbreviations

ARF:

Auxin response factor

var:

Variety

cv:

Cultivar

FLS:

Flanking sequence

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GUS:

Beta-glucuronidase

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture of China, The Yangtze River Valley Hybrid Rice Collaboration Innovation Center, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, and the grants from the 863 Program (2014AA10A603-15), National Science and Technology Support Program (2013BAD01B02-16), Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program (BE2014394), Jiangsu Province Self- innovation Program (CX(12)1003), and Qing Lan Project.

Author Contributions

S.Z. Zhang J.M. Wan, and L. Jiang conceived and designed the experiments. S.Z. Zhang, T. Wu, X. Liu, and S.J. Liu performed the experiments. S.Z. Zhang and T. Wu analyzed the data. J.M. Wan and L. Jiang contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools and revised the paper. S.Z. Zhang wrote the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Shengzhong Zhang, Tao Wu, Shijia Liu, Xi Liu, Ling Jiang & Jianmin Wan

  2. National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jianmin Wan

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  1. Shengzhong Zhang
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  2. Tao Wu
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Correspondence to Ling Jiang or Jianmin Wan.

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Zhang, S., Wu, T., Liu, S. et al. Disruption of OsARF19 is Critical for Floral Organ Development and Plant Architecture in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Mol Biol Rep 34, 748–760 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0962-y

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