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Spatial distribution patterns and controls of bioavailable silicon in coastal wetlands of China

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Abstract

Aims

Silicon (Si) is an essential element for siliceous organisms, including macrophytes, phytoplankton, and diatoms. Coastal wetlands are critical for bridging the river-estuary-ocean continuum to drive the biogeochemical Si cycles. However, it remains unclear about the contents and distribution patterns of bioavailable Si in soils under various scenarios, and their environmental controls in coastal wetlands.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide sampling campaign across ca. 5000 km of coastal wetlands, covering temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates in China, and quantified plant available Si (ASi) using calcium chloride extractable Si (Si-CaCl2).

Results

S. alterniflora invasion did not significantly influence ASi content. In contrast, ASi content in the subtropical zone was higher than in the both temperate (medium) and tropical zones (lowest). ASi content was significantly positively correlated with nutrients (i.e., soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP)), soil water content (SWC), clay and silt contents, but negatively with soil bulk density (BD) and sand content. ASi content, in detail, increased with increasing pH (pH < 7) but decreased with increasing pH (pH > 7), showing a quadratic function relationship.

Conclusions

ASi in coastal wetlands was predominately directly influenced by pH, particle size, and nutrients of coastal soil, while vegetation compositions and plant-derived lignin (Λ8) inputs illustrated a minor effect on ASi patterns. Mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) indirectly regulated ASi content via affecting soil geochemistry and nutrients distribution. Taken together, ASi distribution are mostly controlled by primary pedogenesis and specific weathering processes in China’s coastal wetlands.

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Data availability

The information that supports this study is available in the Supplementary materials.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. BK20221028), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41930862 and 42141014). Financial support was also provided by the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China

    Shaopan Xia, Yaran Fan & Bingbing Yu

  2. School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Shaopan Xia & Zhaoliang Song

  3. Earth and Life Institute, Soil Science, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.10, Louvain-La-Neuve, 1348, Belgium

    Zimin Li

  4. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia

    Bhupinder Pal Singh

  5. School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Laodong Guo

  6. Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA

    Yuchuan Fan

  7. School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Nanthi Bolan

  8. Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 6, Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Xiangbin Ran

  9. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China

    Yidong Wang

  10. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China

    Hailong Wang

  11. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China

    Hailong Wang

Authors
  1. Shaopan Xia
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  2. Zhaoliang Song
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  3. Yaran Fan
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  4. Zimin Li
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  5. Bingbing Yu
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  6. Bhupinder Pal Singh
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  7. Laodong Guo
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  8. Yuchuan Fan
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  9. Nanthi Bolan
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  10. Xiangbin Ran
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  11. Yidong Wang
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  12. Hailong Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhaoliang Song.

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Xia, S., Song, Z., Fan, Y. et al. Spatial distribution patterns and controls of bioavailable silicon in coastal wetlands of China. Plant Soil 493, 187–205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06224-y

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