Abstract
Aims
In low-input agricultural systems, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a role in plant nutrition, protection and water use. Evaluating how agricultural practices affect the composition of AMF communities is therefore an important step towards sustainable intensification. We characterized the AMF communities in enset (Ensete ventricosum) roots in smallholder enset-based farming systems in south Ethiopia and assessed the effects of soil fertility management on those communities.
Methods
We assessed AMF diversity and community composition in the roots of 181 enset plants from 23 farms by Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Roots were collected from intensively manured parts of the farms (regular manure application), and from less manured parts of the farms (occasional manure application).
Results
AMF communities in both intensively and less manured parts of the farms were comprised primarily by species belonging to Glomeraceae, which accounted for 67% of the total operational taxonomic units recorded. However, unlike Glomeraceae, majority of Acaulosporaceae sequences were recovered from less manured parts of the farms. Intensively manured parts of the farms were associated with higher soil pH, available P, organic carbon, total N and C:N ratio, and with significantly lower AMF richness and diversity. Moreover, unexpectedly organic carbon and total N explained a large part of the variation in AMF community composition compared with available P.
Conclusions
Intensive manure applications enhance soil nutrient availability and soil organic carbon but result in lower AMF richness and diversity, and in a shift in AMF community composition. This may promote less mutualistic AMF community.
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Data availability
The full dataset of this manuscript has been uploaded to the CKAN depository of the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture IITA. The dataset can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.25502/wrys-we09/d.
Code availability
not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
This work was carried out within the framework of the Institutional University Collaboration (IUC) partnership between Arba Minch University, Ethiopia and the University of Leuven, Belgium, which was funded by the Flemish Inter-University Council for Development Collaboration VLIR-UOS. We want to thank the farmers of Gamo, Dawro and Kaffa for their hospitality and for allowing us to sample their farms. We also want to acknowledge the support of IUC coordinators Dr. Simon Shibru and Dr. Roel Merckx for their support; P5 project leader Dr. Yisehak Kechero, who was instrumental in facilitating the logistics; project staff Sintayehu Thomas, Aschenaki Dawit and Yohannes Dubale for their assistance during field work and Mr. Gerrit Peeters and Mrs. Kim Vekemans for their assistance with the laboratory work. Our gratitude goes to Dr. Daniel Coyne for preliminary reviewing this manuscript. We also thank the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for permitting enset root export according to the provisions in the material transfer agreement (Ref. No. EBI 71/21/2/2019). The authors are also grateful to all donors who supported this work through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/) and in particular to the CGIAR Research Program for Roots, Tubers and Bananas (CRP-RTB).
Funding
This work was carried out within the framework of the Institutional University Collaboration (IUC) partnership between Arba Minch University, Ethiopia and the University of Leuven, Belgium, which was funded by the Flemish Inter-University Council for Development Collaboration VLIR-UOS. The authors are also grateful to all donors who supported this work through their contributions to the CGIAR Research Program for Roots, Tubers and Bananas (CRP-RTB) and to the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for permitting enset root export according to the provisions in the material transfer agreement (Ref. No. EBI 71/21/2/2019).
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K.V.C, O.H., F.E. and R.S. designed the overall setup of the project, with K.V.C. specialising in the soil component, O.H. in the soil biota, F.E. in Ethiopian agro- and ecosystems and R.S. in the plant component. G.G. collected the data, G.G. and M.V.G. analysed the data and G.G. compiled the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results.
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Garo, G., Van Geel, M., Eshetu, F. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition, richness and diversity on enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) in Ethiopia is influenced by manure application intensity in low-input farming systems. Plant Soil 478, 409–425 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05462-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05462-w