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Historic grazing enhances root-foraging plasticity rather than nitrogen absorbability in clonal offspring of Leymus chinensis

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Abstract

Aims

Plants with a history of overgrazing show trait-mediated legacy effects. These legacy effects strongly influence the growth dynamics and stress tolerance of plants, thus affecting ecosystem functioning. Long-term overgrazing has dramatic effects on plant growth and carbon assimilation via asexual propagation. However, the link between nitrogen (N) absorbability and assimilation with grazing-induced plant legacy effects remains largely unknown.

Methods

We investigated the strength of legacy effects induced by long-term overgrazing on N uptake and metabolism in the clonal plant Leymus chinensis, and its associated changes at the physiological and molecular levels. These tests were conducted in both field and greenhouse experiments.

Results

The clonal offspring of overgrazed L. chinensis were significantly smaller than the control offspring, with lower individual N uptake and utilisation efficiency, indicating that the N dynamics were affected by plant legacy effects. The response ratios of root length and biomass to N patches in the clonal offspring of overgrazed L. chinensis were significantly higher than those of the control, indicating that root nutrient foraging plasticity increased in response to grazing-induced N heterogeneity. Moreover, the observed plant legacy effects decreased N acquirement but significantly increased N assimilation by increasing N resorption efficiency, with biotic stress memory activated at the enzymatic and transcriptional levels.

Conclusions

We propose that multigenerational exposure of perennial plants to herbivore foraging can produce a legacy effect on N uptake, which offers insights into the potential resilience of grasslands to overgrazing.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872407, 31702161, 32060407) and Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1610332020001) and Research Foundation for Talented Scholar of Inner Mongolia University (12000-15031908) and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2020MS03029).

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  1. Xiliang Li and Ningning Hu equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China

    Xiliang Li, Ningning Hu & Weibo Ren

  2. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Ningning Hu

  3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China

    Jingjing Yin & Weibo Ren

  4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PT, UK

    Ellen Fry

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  1. Xiliang Li
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Contributions

X.L. and W.R. conceived the ideas and designed methodology; X.L., N.H. and J.Y. collected the data; X.L. and W.R. analyzed the data; X.L. W.R. and E.F. led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to Weibo Ren.

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Li, X., Hu, N., Yin, J. et al. Historic grazing enhances root-foraging plasticity rather than nitrogen absorbability in clonal offspring of Leymus chinensis. Plant Soil 466, 65–79 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05033-5

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