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Variation in morphological and chemical traits of Mediterranean tree roots: linkage with leaf traits and soil conditions

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Abstract

Aims

Root functions are multiple and essential for the growth and survival of terrestrial plants. The aim of this work was to analyse the main trends in the variation of root traits, their coordination with leaf traits and their relationships with soil conditions.

Methods

We measured the variation of 27 fine root traits (five morphological, 20 chemical and two isotopic signatures) in trees of seven species of a mixed plantation in a metal-contaminated and remediated site of Southern Spain.

Results

We found evidences supporting the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES). However, other dimensions were identified as being independent of the main RES: mainly the variation in the carbon concentration, the accumulation of trace elements associated with tolerance of metal-rich soils, and the fractionation of δ15N as a time-integrated trait of mycorrhizal-mediated nutrition. In general, roots and leaves were functionally coordinated, although most of the trace elements showed strong root-leaf discordance. The soil conditions interacted with the fine root traits in feedback processes. The ability of tree roots to accumulate trace elements and to reduce their translocation to leaves is a desirable trait for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils.

Conclusions

Roots are multifunctional. Understanding the variations in the root traits of trees will help us to predict both the responses of forests to global changes, including soil contamination, and the provision of soil-based ecosystem services.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) (Grant No. 603498- RECARE), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grants No. CGL2014-52858-R-RESTECO, CGL2017-82254-R-INTARSU, and CGL2014-53236-R- ECO-MEDIT), and European FEDER funds. MG-M was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant No. BES-2015-073882), and MTD by the Universidad de Sevilla (Contrato de Acceso, V Plan Propio de Investigación). We thank J. M. Murillo and J.M. Alegre for their help in the field work, the IRNAS Analytical Service for multielement analyses of plants and soil, and the EBD-CSIC Laboratory of Stable Isotopes for determinations of δ15N and δ13C.

Author contribution statement

TM conceived the study, TM, CMNF and MTD conducted fieldwork, CMNF and PM measured morphological and chemical traits, TM, CMNF and MGM analysed the data, TM wrote the first draft, TM, CMNF, MGM, MTD, PM and RV participated in the interpretation, discussion and preparation of the final version.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRNAS, CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain

    Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Marta Gil-Martínez & Paula Madejón

  2. Departamento de Mineralogía, Cristalografía y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain

    María T. Domínguez

  3. Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Rafael Villar

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  1. Teodoro Marañón
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  4. María T. Domínguez
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Correspondence to Teodoro Marañón.

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Marañón, T., Navarro-Fernández, C.M., Gil-Martínez, M. et al. Variation in morphological and chemical traits of Mediterranean tree roots: linkage with leaf traits and soil conditions. Plant Soil 449, 389–403 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04485-5

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