Abstract
Background and aims
Soil amendments are often added to polluted soils to increase phytoremediation efficiency. Here we investigated the potential of a range of organic amendments for phytoextraction of heavy metals in a contaminated sediment.
Methods
Two experiments compared adsorption and phytoextraction of heavy metals by a Cd-hyperaccumulator Carpobrotus rossii grown in the contaminated sediment amended with six organic amendments.
Results
The adsorption capacity as measured by Langmuir adsorption maximum followed the order of Cr > Zn > Cu > Cd, and the effect of organic amendments followed the order of chicken manure > cow manure > brown coal > golden wattle biochar > blue gum biochar > radiata pine biochar. The addition of amendments increased the adsorption of heavy metals, with brown coal resulting in the lowest concentrations of water-extractable Cd, Cu and Zn. Two manures resulted in the highest concentrations of these water-extractable heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil of C. rossii. Furthermore, brown coal resulted in higher shoot accumulation of these heavy metals than three wood-derived biochars, whilst the manures generally had the lowest accumulation of Cd and Cu although they increased shoot biomass.
Conclusions
The addition of brown coal decreased whereas manure addition increased the mobility (water-extractable fraction) of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil. Phytoextraction of Cd and Cu was greater with brown coal than with biochars or manures. Brown coal is suitable for enhancing phytoextraction of these heavy metals because it could increase their accumulation in shoots of C. rossii and decrease the risk of leaching of these heavy metals into groundwater.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appel C, Ma L (2002) Concentration, pH, and surface charge effects on cadmium and lead sorption in three tropical soils. J Environ Qual 31:581–589
Ayoub AS, McGaw BA, Shand CA, Midwood AJ (2003) Phytoavailability of Cd and Zn in soil estimated by stable isotope exchange and chemical extraction. Plant Soil 252:291–300
Basta NT, Gradwohl R, Snethen KL, Schroder JL (2001) Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. J Environ Qual 30:1222–1230
Beesley L, Moreno-Jimenez E, Gomez-Eyles JL (2010) Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil. Environ Pollut 158:2282–2287
Beesley L, Inneh OS, Norton GJ, Moreno-Jimenez E, Pardo T, Clemente R, Dawson JJC (2014) Assessing the influence of compost and biochar amendments on the mobility and toxicity of metals and arsenic in a naturally contaminated mine soil. Environ Pollut 186:195–202
Bolan N, Adriano D, Mani S, Khan A (2003) Adsorption, complexation, and phytoavailability of copper as influenced by organic manure. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:450–456
Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, Kumpiene J, Park J, Makino T, Kirkham MB, Scheckel K (2014) Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils - to mobilize or to immobilize? J Hazard Mater 266C:141–166
Borchard N, Prost K, Kautz T, Moeller A, Siemens J (2012) Sorption of copper (II) and sulphate to different biochars before and after composting with farmyard manure. Eur J Soil Sci 63:399–409
Cavallaro N, Mcbride MB (1980) Activities of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in soil solutions as affected by pH. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:729–732
Chaney RL (1983) Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents. In: Parr JF, Marsh PD, Kla JM. Park Ridge, NJ (eds) Land treatment of hazadous wastes. Noyes Data Corporation, p 50–76
Chen XC, Chen GC, Chen LG, Chen YX, Lehmann J, McBride MB, Hay AG (2011) Adsorption of copper and zinc by biochars produced from pyrolysis of hardwood and corn straw in aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 102:8877–8884
Choppala G, Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Skinner W, Seshadri B (2013a) Concomitant reduction and immobilization of chromium in relation to its bioavailability in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:1–10
Choppala G, Bolan N, Seshadri B (2013b) Chemodynamics of chromium reduction in soils: implications to bioavailability. J Hazard Mater 261:718–724
Deveci H, Kar Y (2013) Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by bio-chars obtained during biomass pyrolysis. J Ind Eng Chem 19:190–196
Fletcher P, Beckett PHT (1987) The chemistry of heavy-metals in digested sewage-sludge-II. Heavy-metal complexation with soluble organic matter. Water Res 21:1163–1172
Foy CD, Chaney RL, White MC (1978) Physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 29:511–566
Grčman H, Velikonja-Bolta Š, Vodnik D, Kos B, Leštan D (2001) EDTA enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction metal accumulation, leaching and toxicity. Plant Soil 235:105–114
Griffin RA, Au AK, Frost RR (1977) Effect of pH on adsorption of chromium from landfill‐leachate by clay minerals. J Environ Sci Health, Part A: Environ Sci Eng 12:431–449
Gupta AK, Sinha S (2006) Chemical fractionation and heavy metal accumulation in the plant of Sesamum indicum (L.) var. T55 grown on soil amended with tannery sludge: Selection of single extractants. Chemosphere 64:161–173
Houben D, Pircar J, Sonnet P (2012) Heavy metal immobilization by cost-effective amendments in a contaminated soil: effects on metal leaching and phytoavailability. J Geochem Explor 123:87–94
Hsu NH, Wang SL, Lin YC, Sheng GD, Lee JF (2009) Reduction of Cr(VI) by crop-residue-derived black carbon. Environ Sci Technol 43:8801–8806
Kachout SS, Ben Mansoura A, Mechergui R, Leclerc JC, Rejeb MN, Ouerghi Z (2012) Accumulation of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the halophyte plant Atriplex grown on polluted soil. J Sci Food Agric 92:336–342
Karabulut S, Karabakan A, Denizli A, Yürüm Y (2000) Batch removal of copper(II) and zinc(II) from aqueous solutions with low-rank Turkish coals. Sep Purif Technol 18:177–184
Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M (2006) Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang 11:403–427
Levy DB, Redente EF, Uphoff GD (1999) Evaluating the phytotoxicity of Pb-Zn tailings to big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Soil Sci 164:363–375
Li S, Liu RL, Wang M, Wang XB, Shan H, Wang HT (2006) Phytoavailability of cadmium to cherry-red radish in soils applied composted chicken or pig manure. Geoderma 136:260–271
Liu L, Chen H, Cai P, Liang W, Huang Q (2009) Immobilization and phytotoxicity of Cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost. J Hazard Mater 163:563–567
Loganathan P, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J, Naidu R (2012) Cadmium sorption and desorption in soils: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 42:489–533
Lu H, Zhang W, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang S, Qiu R (2012) Relative distribution of Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. Water Res 46:854–862
McBride MB (1998) Soluble trace metals in alkaline stabilized sludge products. J Environ Qual 27:578–584
Muhammad I, Puschenreiter M, Wenzel WW (2012) Cadmium and Zn availability as affected by pH manipulation and its assessment by soil extraction, DGT and indicator plants. Sci Total Environ 416:490–500
Naidu R, Bolan NS, Kookana RS, Tiller KG (1994) Ionic-strength and pH effects on the sorption of cadmium and the surface-charge of soils. Eur J Soil Sci 45:419–429
Namgay T, Singh B, Singh BP (2010) Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Aust J Soil Res 48:638–647
Pagnanelli F, Esposito A, Toroa L, Veglio F (2003) Metal speciation and pH effect on Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd biosorption onto Sphaerotilus natans: Langmuir-type empirical model. Water Res 37:627–633
Park JH, Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Chung JW, Chuasavathi T (2011a) Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Plant Soil 348:439–451
Park JH, Panneerselvam P, Lamb DT, Choppala G, Bolan NS, Chung JW (2011b) Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils. J Hazard Mater 185:549–574
Sauve S, Norvell WA, McBride M, Hendershot W (2000) Speciation and complexation of cadmium in extracted soil solutions. Environ Sci Technol 34:291–296
Song Z, Lian F, Yu Z, Zhu L, Xing B, Qiu W (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a novel MnOx-loaded biochar and its adsorption properties for Cu2+ in aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 242:36–42
Tang X, Li X, Liu X, Hashmi MZ, Xu J, Brookes PC (2015) Effects of inorganic and organic amendments on the uptake of lead and trace elements by Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic red soil. Chemosphere 119C:177–183
Uchimiya M, Klasson KT, Wartelle LH, Lima IM (2011a) Influence of soil properties on heavy metal sequestration by biochar amendment: 1. Copper sorption isotherms and the release of cations. Chemosphere 82:1431–1437
Uchimiya M, Klasson KT, Wartelle LH, Lima IM (2011b) Influence of soil properties on heavy metal sequestration by biochar amendment: 2. Copper desorption isotherms. Chemosphere 82:1438–1447
Uchimiya M, Cantrell KB, Hunt PG, Novak JM, Chang S (2012) Retention of heavy metals in a Typic Kandiudult amended with different manure-based biochars. J Environ Qual 41:1138–1149
Vaca-Paulin R, Esteller-Alberich MV, Lugo de la Fuente J, Zavaleta-Mancera HA (2006) Effect of sewage sludge or compost on the sorption and distribution of copper and cadmium in soil. Waste Manag 26:71–81
Wittbrodt P, Palmer C (1997) Reduction of Cr(VI) by soil humic acids. Eur J Soil Sci 48:151–162
Zhang C, Sale PW, Doronila AI, Clark GJ, Livesay C, Tang C (2014) Australian native plant species Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes shows the potential of cadmium phytoremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:9843–9851
Zhou DM, Hao XZ, Wang YJ, Dong YH, Cang L (2005) Copper and Zn uptake by radish and pakchoi as affected by application of livestock and poultry manures. Chemosphere 59:167–175
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Augustine Doronila for his assistance to collect the sediment, Drs. Xiaojuan Wang and Gaëlle Ng Kam Chuen for their assistance in chemical analysis and Mr. Rob Evans for setting up the experiment. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments. This research was supported by an Australian Research Council Linkage Project (LP100100800).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Peter Christie.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, C., Clark, G.J., Patti, A.F. et al. Contrasting effects of organic amendments on phytoextraction of heavy metals in a contaminated sediment. Plant Soil 397, 331–345 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2615-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2615-1