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Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) enhances the biodiversity of purple phototrophic bacteria in flooded paddy soil

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Abstract

Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) are thought to be crucial in the nutrient cycling of rice field. However, it remains unclear how PPB would respond to the climate change associated with the projected atmospheric CO2 in the future. A factorial design of field experiments was set up with two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (350 and 550 μmol mol−1) and N application rate (150 and 250 kg N ha−1) to investigate the abundance and composition changes of PPB in rhizospheric and bulk soils in response to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of pufM gene encoding the M subunit of anoxygenic PPB light reaction center, elevated CO2 appeared to enhance the biodiversity of PPB in flooded paddy soils. This was further supported by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of DGGE fingerprinting pattern of pufM genes in paddy soils as well as Shannon diversity indices. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of pufM gene further indicated that PPB abundance was stimulated by elevated CO2 in bulk soil, while the contrasting result was observed in rhizospheric soil. Our result for the first time demonstrated that elevated CO2 enhanced the biodiversity of PPB within α and β subdivisions of Proteobacteria.

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Abbreviations

FACE:

free-air CO2 enrichment

PPB:

purple phototrophic bacteria

DGGE:

denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

CCA:

canonical correspondence analysis

PNSB:

purple nonsulfur bacteria

PSB:

purple sulfur bacteria

SOC:

soil organic C

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of the projects (No. 40571156, 40801091 and 20777092) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the projects (No. ISSASIP0608 and KZCX-SW-440) supported by CAS Knowledge Innovation Program. The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the staffs of Nianyu Experimental Station for running FACE system, the core platform of The Chinese Rice/Wheat FACE Project initiated by China-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Youzhi Feng, Xiangui Lin, Yiming Wang, Jing Zhang, Tingting Mao, Rui Yin & Jianguo Zhu

  2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China

    Youzhi Feng

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  1. Youzhi Feng
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  2. Xiangui Lin
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Correspondence to Xiangui Lin.

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Feng, Y., Lin, X., Wang, Y. et al. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) enhances the biodiversity of purple phototrophic bacteria in flooded paddy soil. Plant Soil 324, 317–328 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9959-3

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