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Genetic divergence in transcriptional regulators of defense metabolism: insight into plant domestication and improvement

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A number of mutational changes in transcriptional regulators of defense metabolism have occurred during plant domestication and improvement.

Abstract

Plant domestication and improvement entail genetic changes that underlie divergence in development and metabolism, providing a tremendous model of biological evolution. Plant metabolism produces numerous specialized alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and cyanogenic glucosides with indispensable roles in defense against herbivory and microbial infection. Many compounds toxic or deterrent to predators have been eliminated through domestication and breeding. Series of genes involved in defense metabolism are coordinately regulated by transcription factors that specifically recognize cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions of downstream target genes. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technologies and genomic approaches have facilitated studies of the metabolic and genetic changes in chemical defense that have occurred via human-mediated selection, many of which result from mutations in transcriptional regulators of defense metabolism. In this article, we review such examples in almond (Prunus dulcis), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pepper (Capsicum spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and related species and discuss insights into the evolution and regulation of metabolic pathways for specialized defense compounds.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier version of this paper.

Funding

Research in the authors’ group is supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), No. 19H05652 to KS and TS).

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  1. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Tsubasa Shoji, Naoyuki Umemoto & Kazuki Saito

  2. Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan

    Kazuki Saito

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  1. Tsubasa Shoji
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by TS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Shoji, T., Umemoto, N. & Saito, K. Genetic divergence in transcriptional regulators of defense metabolism: insight into plant domestication and improvement. Plant Mol Biol 109, 401–411 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-021-01159-3

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