Abstract
Magneto-optical properties of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal with a graphene defect layer is investigated. It is shown that the steady-state behavior of the medium completely depends on the intensities of magnetic and coherent coupling fields. By proper chose of the controllable parameters, it is found that the absorption spectrum of 1D photonic crystal can be adjusted easily. In addition, by controlling the magnetic field and Rabi-frequencies of applied lights, the transmitted and reflected light pulses at the infrared region can be tuned. The effect of magnetic and coupling fields on the transmission and reflection properties of the laser pulse at \(\lambda_{0} = 9\;\upmu\hbox{m}\) of the medium is also studied. It is found that optical bistability in reflection and output fields can be controlled by applying the magnetic and coupling fields. The proposed model may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics, solid-state quantum information science and systems, due to vast applications in signal processing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asadpour, S.H., Soleimani, H.R.: Phase and thickness control of optical bistability and multistability in a defect slab with a single layer of graphene. Laser Phys. Lett. 13(1), 015201 (2015)
Asadpour, S.H., et al.: All-optical switching between optical bistability and multistability in a defect dielectric medium doped with a multiple quantum well nanostructure. Appl. Opt. 55(4), 722–727 (2016)
Asadpour, S.H., Hamid, R.H., Mahmoud, J.: Enhancement of Goos-Hänchen shift due to a Rydberg state. Appl. Opt. 57(15), 4013–4019 (2018)
Bagci, F., Akaoglu, B.: A polarization independent electromagnetically induced transparency-like metamaterial with large group delay and delay-bandwidth product. J. Appl. Phys. 123, 173101 (2018)
Becerra-Castro, E.M., de Araujo, L.E.E.: Electromagnetically induced cross focusing in a four-level atomic medium. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 1574–1579 (2016)
Bhuyan, S.A., Uddin, N., Islam, M., Bipasha, F.A., Hossain, S.S.: Synthesis of graphene. Int. Nano. Lett. 6, 65–83 (2016)
Centini, M., Bloemer, M., Myneni, K., Scalora, M., Sibilia, C., Bertolotti, M., D’Aguanno, G.: Signal velocity and group velocity for an optical pulse propagating through a GaAs cavity. Phys. Rev. E 68, 016602 (2003)
Chow, W.W., Schneider, H.C., Phillips, M.C.: Theory of quantum-coherence phenomena in semiconductor quantum dots. Phys. Rev. A 68, 053802 (2003)
De Medeiros, F., Albuquerque, E., Vasconcelos, M.: Optical transmission spectra in quasiperiodic multilayered photonic structure. J. Phys. 18, 8737–8747 (2006)
Ding, C., et al.: Formation and ultraslow propagation of infrared solitons in graphene under an external magnetic field. J. Appl. Phys. 115(23), 234301 (2014a)
Ding, C., et al.: Matched infrared soliton pairs in graphene under Landau quantization via four-wave mixing. Phys. Rev. A 90(4), 043819 (2014b)
Dutta, S., Dastidar, K.R.: Study of group velocity in the negative refractive index region in three level closed Λ system via spontaneously generated coherence. Mol. Phys. 110, 431–443 (2012)
Dutton, Z., Behroozi, C.H., Hau, L.V., Harris, S.E.: Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas. Nature 397, 594–598 (1999)
Galli, M., Bajoni, D., Marabelli, F., Andreani, L.C., Pavesi, L., Pucker, G.: Photonic bands and group-velocity dispersion in Si/SiO2 photonic crystals from white-light interferometry. Phys. Rev. B 69, 115107 (2004)
Hamedi, Hamid Reza: Optical bistability and multistability via magnetic field intensities in a solid. Appl. Opt. 53(24), 5391–5397 (2014)
Holloway, C.L., Simons, M.T., Gordon, J.A., Dienstfrey, A., Anderson, D.A., Raithel, G.: Electric field metrology for SI traceability: systematic measurement uncertainties in electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic vapor. J. Appl. Phys. 121, 233106 (2017)
Huang, X., Yang, Y.: Dynamic and radiative properties of a Λ-type driven atom in anisotropic photonic crystals. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 699–706 (2007)
Huang, S., et al.: Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength dissipative soliton generation in a graphene oxide mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. Opt. Express 22(10), 11417–11426 (2014)
Jafari, D., Sahrai, M., Motavalli, H.: Phase control of group velocity in one-dimensional photonic crystal with a dispersive defect layer. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 3305–3309 (2013)
Klimchitskaya, G.L., Mostepanenko, V.M.: Conductivity of pure graphene: theoretical approach using the polarization tensor. Phys. Rev. B 93, 245419 (2016)
Kuzmich, A., Dogariu, A., Wang, L.J., Milonni, P.W., Chiao, R.Y.: Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light pulse propagation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3925–3929 (2001)
Li, J.: Efficient three-wave mixing via intersubband transitions in a semiconductor quantum well. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 244, 3333–3339 (2007)
Li, J., Zhao, D., Liu, Z.: Zero-photonic band gap in a quasiperiodic stacking of positive and negative refractive index materials. Phys. Lett. A 332, 461–468 (2004)
Liu, W., Zhang, H., Sun, H., Zhang, Q., Wang, D.: Optical bistability induced by spin–orbit coupling in the carbon-nanotube quantum dots. Appl. Opt. 55(5), 1090–1094 (2016)
Naseri, T., Asadpour, S.H., Sadighi-Bonabi, R.: Some optical properties of four-level media via coherent and incoherent pumping fields. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 641–648 (2013)
Serebryannikov, A.E., Lakhtakia, A.: Optical characteristics of a two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystal immersed in a coherent atomic gas. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29, 328–334 (2012)
Shiri, J.: Propagation of a laser pulse and electro-optic switch in a GaAs/AlGaAs quadruple-coupled quantum dot molecule nanostructure. Laser Phys. 26, 056202 (2016)
Shiri, J.: Slow and fast light propagation and controllable switch at λ = 1.55 µm in a photonic crystal with a defect layer doped by an InAs/GaAs quintuple-coupled quantum dot molecule nanostructure. Laser Phys. 29, 056202 (2019)
Shiri, J., Malakzadeh, A.: Controlling the optical properties of a laser pulse at λ = 1.55 μm in InGaAs\InP double coupled quantum well nanostructure. J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Publ. 13, 19 (2017a)
Shiri, J., Malakzadeh, A.: Phase controllable terahertz switch in a Landau-quantized graphene nanostructure. Laser Phys. 27, 016201 (2017b)
Shiri, J., Shahi, F., Mehmannavaz, M.R., Shahrassai, L.: Phase control of transient optical properties of double coupled quantum-dot nanostructure via Gaussian laser beams. Chin. Phys. Lett. 35, 024204 (2018)
Si, L.-G., Yang, W.-X., Lü, X.-Y., Hao, X., Yang, X.: Formation and propagation of ultraslow three-wave-vector optical solitons in a cold seven-level triple-Λatomic system under Raman excitation. Phys. Rev. A 82, 013836 (2010)
Simons, M.T., Kautz, M.D., Holloway, C.L., Anderson, D.A., Raithel, G., Stack, D., St. John, M.C., Su, W.: Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in the presence of band-limited white Gaussian noise. J. Appl. Phys. 123, 203105 (2018)
Singh, M.R.: Two-photon absorption in photonic nanowires made from photonic crystals. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 1801–1807 (2009)
Solookinejad, G., Jabbari, M., Nafar, M., Ahmadi, E., Asadpour, S.H.: Controlling Goos-Hänchen shifts due to the surface plasmon effect in a hybrid system. Appl. Opt. 57(28), 8193–8198 (2018)
Soltani, A., Nasehi, R., Asadpour, S.H., Mahmoudi, M., Soleimani, H.R.: Investigation of optical bistability in a double In x Ga 1–x N/GaN quantum-dot nanostructure via inter-dot tunneling effect. Appl. Opt. 54(10), 2606–2614 (2015)
Song, Y.P., Hu, Y.W.: Quantum interference in InAs/InAlAs core-shell nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 143104 (2018)
Song, Y.F., et al.: Vector multi-soliton operation and interaction in a graphene mode-locked fiber laser. Opt. Express 21(8), 10010–10018 (2013)
Soukoulis, C.M. ed., Photonic Band Gaps and Localization. NATO ASI Series (Springer US, 1993), Vol. 308
Ssemnani, B., Majedi, A.H., Safavi-Naeini, S.: Nonlinear quantum optical properties of graphene. J. Opt. 18, 035402 (2016)
Steinberg, A.M., Kwiat, P.G., Chiao, R.Y.: Measurement of the single-photon tunneling time. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 708–711 (1993)
Tokman, M., Yao, X., Belyanin, A.: Generation of entangled photons in graphene in a strong magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(7), 077404 (2013)
Wang, Z.: Control of the probe absorption via incoherent pumping fields in asymmetric semiconductor quantum wells. Ann. Phys. 326, 340–349 (2011)
Wang, Z., Yu, B., Zhu, J., Cao, Z., Zhen, S., Wu, X., Xu, F.: Atom localization via controlled spontaneous emission in a five-level atomic system. Ann. Phys. (NY) 327, 1132–1145 (2012)
Wu, Y., Deng, L.: Ultraslow optical solitons in a cold four-state medium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 143904 (2004)
Wu, Y., Yang, X.: Electromagnetically induced transparency in V-, Λ-, and cascade-type schemes beyond steady-state analysis. Phys. Rev. A 71, 053806 (2005)
Xiong, H., Si, L., Lv, X., Yang, X., Wu, Y.: Review of cavity optomechanics in the weak-coupling regime: from linearization to intrinsic nonlinear interactions. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58, 1–13 (2015)
Yablonovitch, E., Gmitter, T., Leung, K.: Photonic band structure: the face-centered-cubic case employing nonspherical atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2295–2298 (1991)
Yang, W.-X., Chen, A.-X., Lee, R.-K., Wu, Y.: Matched slow optical soliton pairs via biexciton coherence in quantum dots. Phys. Rev. A. 84(1), 013835 (2011)
Ye, G., et al.: Realizing the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission with a single hole-ring resonator. Opt. Commun. 445, 101–105 (2019)
Zhou, H., Gu, T.Y., McMillan, J.F., Petrone, N., Zande, A.V.F., Hone, J.C., Yu, M.B., et al.: Enhanced four wave mixing in graphene-silicon slow light photonic crystal waveguides. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 091111 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shiri, J., Khalilzadeh, J. Magnetically controllable transmission spectrum of a 1D photonic crystal with a graphene defect layer in infrared region. Opt Quant Electron 52, 506 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02620-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02620-1