Abstract
Human activities are important factors that trigger frequent occurrences of landslides; thus, for landslide control, it is critical to determine the influence of human activity on landslide occurrence probability. The Three Gorges area is a region in the world that typically experiences serious landslide disasters and frequent human activities. The objective of this work is to employ the Three Gorges area as an example to reveal the impact of human activity on the dynamic development of landslide susceptibility from 2010 to 2019. Some new viewpoints are suggested for the five aspects: (1) High-precision landslide susceptibility maps are generated by a combination of multiresolution segmentation and convolutional neural network algorithms. Moreover, the dynamic development rules of landslide susceptibility from 2010 to 2019 are revealed. (2) The change in landslide susceptibility in the study area from 2010 to 2019 was mainly caused by the combined action of rainfall and human activity. The fluctuation of reservoir water level had a less influence on the development of landslide susceptibility. (3) Some human activities, especially road construction, farmland appropriation for building construction, agricultural reclamation, farmland cultivation and irrigation, initiation of commercial planting, urban expansion, and large-scale deforestation, may dramatically increase landslide occurrence probability. (4) Human activities, e.g., conversion of farmland to forestry, artificial recovery of natural vegetation, and later periods of artificial planting, may obviously reduce landslide susceptibility. (5) The human activity causes and mechanisms influencing landslide susceptibility in the study area are proposed, including transpiration and anchorage of plants, slope reinforcement by plant roots, destruction of slope stress equilibrium, and soil erosion.
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Acknowledgements
The landslide monitoring data of 1:50,000 geological map, 1:10,000 relief map, rainfall data, landslide inventory information, and reservoir water level data are provided by the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Work Command (TGWC). The vector data of administrative boundaries were acquired from https://download.csdn.net/download/. Landsat images and Sentinel-2A images data used in this work were obtained from https://www.gsclound.cn, https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/, and https://scihub.copernicus.eu/. We also appreciate Hubei Provincial Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau for providing rainfall data (https://113.57.190.228:8001/web/Report/CantonRainSta) and Yangtze River Water Conservancy Network for supplying monthly water level data (https://www.cjw.gov.cn/zwzc/bmgb/).
Funding
This work is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41372341), the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. GLAB2020ZR02), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFC1505403).
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Li, Y., Wang, X. & Mao, H. Influence of human activity on landslide susceptibility development in the Three Gorges area. Nat Hazards 104, 2115–2151 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04264-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04264-6