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Glutamate Differently Modulates Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neuronal and Glial Cells

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Abstract

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter implicated in learning and memory processes, but at high concentrations it acts as an excitotoxin causing degeneration and neuronal death. The aim of this work was to determine the excitotoxic effect of glutamate and the regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) during excitotoxicity in neurons and C6 glioma cells. Results show that glutamate causes excitotoxic damage only in cortical neurons. Loss of cell viability in neurons was glutamate concentration- and time-dependent. Total mGluR levels were significantly reduced in these cells when exposed to glutamate. However, in C6 cells, which have been used as a model of glial cells, these receptors were regulated in a biphasic manner, decreased after 6 h, and increased after 24/48 h of treatment. Results show a cell dependent mGluR regulation by glutamate exposure which could mediate the vulnerability or not to glutamate mediated excitotoxicity.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BFU2008-00138), Consejería de Sanidad-FISCAM of JCCM (PI-2007/50), Consejería de Educación y Ciencia of JCCM (PCI08-0125) and by the European Union through the Marie-Curie Research Training Network PRAIRIES (MRTN-CT-2006-035810). D.A.L. is an experienced researcher hired by FISCAM (MOV-2006_IE/09). I. B-Y. is a “Juan de la Cierva” researcher hired by MICINN.

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  1. Área de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain

    Carlos Alberto Castillo, David Agustín León, Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yáñez, Inmaculada Iglesias, Mairena Martín & José Luis Albasanz

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  1. Carlos Alberto Castillo
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Correspondence to José Luis Albasanz.

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Castillo, C.A., León, D.A., Ballesteros-Yáñez, I. et al. Glutamate Differently Modulates Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neuronal and Glial Cells. Neurochem Res 35, 1050–1063 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0154-y

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