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Molecular characterization and evaluation of novel management options for Burkholderia glumae BG1, the causative agent of panicle blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Background

Bacterial panicle blight, incited by Burkholderia glumae, has impacted rice production globally. Despite its significance, knowledge about the disease and the virulence pattern of the causal agent is very limited. Bacterial panicle blight is a major challenge in the rice-growing belts of North-western India, resulting in yield reduction. However, the management of B. glumae has become a challenge due to the lack of proper management strategies.

Methodology and results

Twenty-one BG strains have been characterized using the 16S rRNA and the gyrB gene-based sequence approach in the present study. The gyrB gene-based phylogenetic analysis resulted in geographic region-specific clustering of the BG isolates. The virulence screening of twenty-one BG strains by inoculating the pathogenic bacterial suspension of 1 × 10−8 cfu/ml at the booting stage (55 DAT) revealed the variation in the disease severity and the grain yield of rice plants. The most virulent BG1 strain resulted in the highest disease incidence (82.11%) and lowest grain yield (11.12 g/plant), and the least virulent BG10 strain resulted in lowest disease incidence of 18.94% and highest grain yield (24.62 g/plant). In vitro evaluation of various biocontrol agents and nano copper at different concentrations by agar well diffusion method revealed that nano copper at 1000 mg/L inhibited the colony growth of B. glumae. Under net house conditions, nano copper at 1000 mg/L reduced the disease severity to 21.23% and increased the grain yield by 20.91% (31.76 g per plant) compared to the positive control (COC 0.25% + streptomycin 200 ppm). Remarkably, pre-inoculation with nano copper at 1000 mg/L followed by challenge inoculation with B. glumae enhanced the activity of enzymatic antioxidants viz., Phenyl ammonia-lyase (PAL), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant phenol. Additionally, we observed a substantial transcript level upregulation of six defense-related genes to several folds viz., OsPR2, OsPR5, OsWRKY71, OsPAL1, OsAPX1, and OsPPO1 in comparison to the pathogen control and healthy control.

Conclusions

Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the potential and practical application of nano copper for the mitigation of bacterial panicle blight, offering promising prospects for commercial utilization in disease management.

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Data availability

Data is attached in the supplementary material and sequence data is submitted in NCBI.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Plant Bacteriology laboratory (Lab#27), Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi for supporting all the necessary infrastructure and materials essential for the experiment. No external financial support was availed for conducting the study.

Funding

The work was done under the Divisional fund obtained from the Director, IARI, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Bhaskaran Sreenayana, Kalyan Kumar Mondal, Nivetha Mathiyalagan, Kalaivanan Nagaranai Shanmugam, Sanjeev Kumar, Mrutyunjaya Shrinivas Reddy & Chander Mani

  2. National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Kalyan Kumar Mondal

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Contributions

SB: performed the research activities and data analysis required for this study, and wrote the manuscript. KKM: conceptualized the research, supervised, analyzed the data, and edited the manuscript. NM, KNS, SK, and MS: helped in conducting the laboratory experiments and valuable suggestions were given throughout the study. CM: maintained the BG strains, and helped in raising the rice crops and inoculation.

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Correspondence to Kalyan Kumar Mondal.

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Experimental research and field studies on plants (either cultivated or wild), including the collection of plant/microbe samples, compiled with relevant institutional (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India), national and international guidelines and legislation.

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Sreenayana, B., Mondal, K.K., Mathiyalagan, N. et al. Molecular characterization and evaluation of novel management options for Burkholderia glumae BG1, the causative agent of panicle blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Biol Rep 51, 519 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09498-2

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