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Utilization of genetic diversity and marker-trait to improve drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Drought stress is one of the main problems for the rice crop, as it reduces the production and productivity of the grain yield significantly. In Egypt, many restrictions were made on the cultivation of rice due to its high-water demand. Producing promising drought-tolerant rice cultivars combined with high yielding is one of the main targets for rice breeders. A set of 22 highly diverse rice genotypes were evaluated under normal and drought conditions. Morphological, physiological, and yield traits were recorded on each genotype. Drought susceptibility index (DSI) was estimated for six yield traits to identify the most drought-tolerant rice genotypes. A high genetic variation was found among genotypes tested in the experiment. Under normal conditions, the highest phenotypic correlation was found between grain yield (GY) and sterility percentage (SP) (− 0.73**), while it was among GY and chlorophyll content (CC) (0.82**) under drought conditions. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling yielding traits under drought and normal, a single marker analysis was performed between all yield traits under both conditions and a set of 106 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles. The genetic association analysis revealed 14 and 17 QTL under drought and normal conditions, respectively. The most drought-tolerant genotypes were selected based on phenotypic traits, the number of QTL in each selected genotype, and the level of genetic diversity existed among the genotypes. As a result, five genotypes (Giza 178, IET1444, GZ1368-S-5-4, Nahda, Giza 14) were identified as the most promising drought-tolerant rice genotypes. Eight QTL controlling drought tolerance were identified in Giza 178, Nahda, and GZ1368-S-5-4, while four QTL were found in IET1444. The number of different QTLs were estimated among the five selected genotypes. Giza 178 and GZ1368-S-5-4 shared the same QTLs. Seven different QTLs were found among Nahda, IET1444, GZ1368-S-5-4, and Giza 14. Combining information from phenotypic traits, genetic diversity analysis, and QTL analysis was very useful in identifying the true drought-tolerant rice genotypes that can be used for crossing in the future breeding program.

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Abbreviations

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

SMA:

Single marker analysis

DTF:

Days to flowering

Ph:

Plant height

CC:

Chlorophyll content

LR:

Leaf rolling

FLA:

Flag leaf area

PL:

Panicle length

NOP:

Number of panicles

HGW:

100-Grain weight

SP:

Sterility percentage

GY:

Grain yield

G1:

Subpopulation 1

G1:

Subpopulation 2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr Elsheikh, 33717, Egypt

    Mohamed I. Ghazy

  2. Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt

    Khaled F. M. Salem

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Shaqra University, Qwaieah, Saudi Arabia

    Khaled F. M. Salem

  4. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt

    Ahmed Sallam

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  1. Mohamed I. Ghazy
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  3. Ahmed Sallam
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Ghazy, M.I., Salem, K.F.M. & Sallam, A. Utilization of genetic diversity and marker-trait to improve drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Biol Rep 48, 157–170 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-06029-7

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