Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

DLT/OsGRAS-32, regulating leaf width and thickness by controlling cell number in Oryza sativa

  • Published:
Molecular Breeding Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The improvement of rice leaf morphology is an important goal of rice plant breeding. Studying its molecular development mechanism will facilitate the breeding of a maximally efficient plant type. To further study the developmental mechanism of rice leaves, a dwarf broad-leaf mutant, g44, was obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of the rice restorer line Jinhui10, and genetic analysis indicated that the trait was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene. The locus was fine mapped on chromosome 6 with 16-kb physical distance. Sequencing revealed that an A-T base substitution occurred in the mutant, resulting in the early termination of LOC_Os06g03710/DLT translation in g44 and yielding only one residual peptide containing 558 amino acids. The phenotypic and sequencing results of the complementary transgenic plants and the allelic mutant g44-1 further confirmed this result. Mutant plants grown under field conditions showed dwarfing, a leaf colour of dark green, leaf widening, and grain enlargement. Paraffin section and cryosection analysis showed that the increase in the number of large vascular bundles and small vascular bundles and the increase in the spacing between adjacent small vascular bundles were the main reasons for the broadening of mutant leaves. In addition, the increase in thickness of the mesophyll cell layer may be the main reason for the increase in leaf colour darkness and net photosynthetic rate. The qPCR results preliminarily predicted that the increase in the number of mutant cells was caused by an enhanced cell division ability, and the DLT/G44 gene was proposed to participate in the regulation of cell division by suppressing the expression of cyclin-related genes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aquino RC, Jennings Peter R (1966) Inheritance and significance of dwarfism in an indica rice variety. Crop Sci 966(6):551–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SH, Yoo SC, Zhang HT, Pandeya D, Koh HJ, Hwang JY, Kim GT, Paek NC (2013) The rice narrow leaf2 and narrow leaf3 loci encode WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (OsWOX3A) and function in leaf, spikelet, tiller and lateral root development. New Phytol 198(4):1071–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SH, Kang KY, Lee SH, Lee IJ, Paek NC (2016) OsWOX3A is involved in negative feedback regulation of the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway in rice (Oryza sativa). J Exp Bot 67(6):1677–1687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng MJ, Hu B, Xu L, Liu Y, Wang F, Zhao HY, Wei XJ, Wang JC, Yi KK (2014) OsCYCP1;1, a PHO80 homologous protein, negatively regulates phosphate starvation signaling in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Mol Biol 86(6):655–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding ZQ, Lin ZF, Li Q, Wu H, Xiang CY, Wang JF (2015) DNL1, encodes cellulose synthase-like D4, is a major QTL for plant height and leaf width in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 457(2):133–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujino K, Matsuda Y, Ozawa K, Nishimura T, Koshiba T, Marco WF, Sekiguchi H (2008) NARROW LEAF 7 controls leaf shape mediated by auxin in rice. Mol Gen Genomics 279(5):499–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo J, Wang F, Song J, Sun W, Zhang XS (2010) The expression of Orysa;CycB1;1 is essential for endosperm formation and causes embryo enlargement in rice. Planta 231(2):293–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hebert Y (1990) Genetic variation of the rate of leaf appearance in maize: possible yield prediction at the early stage. Euphytica 46(3):237–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirano K, Yoshida H, Aya K, Kawamura M, Hayashi M, Hobo T, Miyako UT, Matsuoka M (2017) SMALL ORGAN SIZE 1 and SMALL ORGAN SIZE 2/DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING form a complex to integrate auxin and brassinosteroid signaling in rice. Mol Plant 10(4):590–604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jang S, An G, Li HY (2017) Rice leaf angle and grain size are affected by the OsBUL1 transcriptional activator complex. Plant Physiol 173(1):16.01653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang D, Fang JJ, Lou LM, Zhao JF, Yuan SJ, Yin L, Sun W, Peng LX, Guo BT, Li XY (2015) Characterization of a null allelic mutant of the rice NAL1 gene reveals its role in regulating cell division. PLoS One 10(2):e0118169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kono A, Umedahara C, Lee J, Ito M, Uchimiya H, Umeda M (2003) Arabidopsis D-type cyclin CYCD4;1 is a novel cyclin partner of B2-type cyclin-dependent kinase. Plant Physiol 132(3):1315–1321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozak M, Singh PK, Verma MR, Hore DK (2007) Causal mechanism for determination of grain yield and milling quality of lowland rice. Field Crop Res 102(3):178–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La HG, Li J, Ji ZD, Cheng YJ, Li XL, Jiang SY, Venkatesh PN, Ramachandran S (2006) Genome-wide analysis of cyclin family in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Mol Gen Genomics 275(4):374–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Pinson SRM, Stansel JW, Paterson AH (1998) Genetic dissection of the source-sink relationship affecting fecundity and yield in rice (shape Oryza sativa L.). Mol Breed 4(5):419–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li WQ, Wu JG, Weng SL, Zhang YJ, Zhang DP, Shi CH (2010) Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice. Planta 232(6):1383–1396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Wu C, Hu GC, Xing L, Qian WJ, Si HM, Sun ZX, Wang XC, Fu YP, Liu WZ (2013) Characterization and fine mapping of a novel rice narrow leaf mutant nal9. J Integr Plant Biol 55(11):1016–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ming L, Chen J, Luo GN, Shao XJ, Wei SQ, Tang ZH, Sheng J, Hu PS (2012) Fine mapping of a major QTL for flag leaf width in rice, qFLW4, which might be caused by alternative splicing of NAL1. Plant Cell Rep 31:863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porebski S, Bailey LG, Baum BR (1997) Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components. Plant Mol Biol Report 15:8–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi J, Qian Q, Bu QY, Li SY, Chen Q, Sun JQ, Liang WX, Zhou YH, Chu CC, Li XG, Ren FG, Palme K, Zhao BG, Chen JF, Chen MS, Li CY (2008) Mutation of the rice narrow leaf1 gene, which encodes a novel protein, affects vein patterning and polar auxin transport. Plant Physiol 147(4):1947–1959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao SL, Sun SY, Wang LL, Wu ZH, Li CX, Li XM, Wang T, Leng LN, Tian WS, Lu TG, Wang XL (2017) The RLA1/SMOS1 transcription factor functions with OsBZR1 to regulate brassinosteroid signaling and rice architecture. Plant Cell 29(2):292–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sang XC, Li YF, Luo ZK, Ren DY, Fang LK, Wang N, Zhao FM, Ling YH, Yang ZL, Liu YS, He GH (2012) CHIMERIC FLORAL ORGANS1, encoding a monocot-specific MADS box protein, regulates floral organ identity in rice. Plant Physiol 160:788–807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun HY, Qian Q, Wu K, Luo JJ, Wang SS, Zhang CW, Ma YF, Liu Q, Huang XZ, Yuan QB, Han RX, Zhao M, Dong GJ, Guo LB, Zhu XD, Gou ZH, Wang W, Wu YJ, Lin HX, Fu XD (2014) Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate nitrogen-use efficiency in rice. Nat Genet 46(4):652–656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SY, Chen DH, Li XM, Qiao SL, Shi CN, Li CX, Shen HY, Wang XL (2015) Brassinosteroid signaling regulates leaf erectness in Oryza sativa via the control of a specific U-type cyclin and cell proliferation. Dev Cell 34(2):220–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson MJ, Tai TH, McClung AM, Lai XH, Hinga ME, Lobos KB, Xu Y, Martinez CP, McCouch SR (2003) Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield, yield components and morphological traits in an advanced backcross population between Oryza rufipogon and the Oryza sativa cultivar Jefferson. Theor Appl Genet 107(3):479–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong HN, Jin Y, Liu WB, Li F, Fang J, Yin YH, Qian Q, Zhu LH, Chu CC (2009) DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING, a new member of the GRAS family, plays positive roles in brassinosteroid signaling in rice. Plant J 58(5):803–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong HG, Liu LC, Jin Y, Du L, Yin YH, Qian Q, Zhu LH, Chu CC (2012) DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice. Plant Cell 24(6):2562–2577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JY, Nakazaki T, Chen SQ, Chen WF, Saito H, Tsukiyama T, Okumoto Y, Xu ZJ, Tanisaka T (2009) Identification and characterization of the erect-pose panicle gene EP conferring high grain yield in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 119(1):85–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye H, Feng JH, Zhang LH, Zhang JF, Muhamad S, Mispan CZQ, Beighley DH, Yang JC, Gu XY (2015) Map-based cloning of seed dormancy1-2 identified a gibberellin synthesis gene regulating the development of endosperm-imposed dormancy in rice. Plant Physiol 169(3):2152–2165

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon DB, Kang KH, Kim HJ, Ju HG, Kwon SJ, Suh JP, Jeong OY, Ahn SN (2006) Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield components and morphological traits in an advanced backcross population between Oryza grandiglumis and the O. sativa japonica cultivar Hwaseongbyeo. Theor Appl Genet 112(6):1052–1062

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S (1981) Fundamentals of rice crop science. Int. Rice Res. Inst 1981

  • Yu Y, Steinmetz A, Meyer D, Brown S, Shen WH (2003) The tobacco A-type cyclin, Nicta;CYCA3;2, at the nexus of cell division and differentiation. Plant Cell 15(12):2763–2777

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yue B, Xue WY, Luo LJ, Xing YZ (2006) QTL analysis for flag leaf characteristics and their relationships with yield and yield traits in rice. Acta Genet Sin 33(9):824–832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang GH, Li SY, Wang L, Ye WJ, Zeng DL, Rao YC, Peng YL, Hu J, Yang YL, Xu J, Ren DY, Gao ZY, Zhu L, Dong GJ, Hu XM, Yan MX, Guo LB, Li CY, Qian Q (2014) LSCHL4 from japonica cultivar, which is allelic to NAL1, increases yield of indica super rice 93-11. Mol Plant 7(8):1350–1364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Ding ZM, Wu KC, Yang L, Li Y, Yang Z, Shi S, Liu XJ, Zhao SS, Yang ZR, Wang Y, Zheng LP, We J, Du ZG, Zhang AH, Miao HQ, Li Y, Wu ZJ, Wu JG (2016) Suppression of jasmonic acid-mediated defense by viral-inducible microRNA319 facilitates virus infection in rice. Mol Plant 9(9):1302–1314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by Chongqing postgraduate research and innovation project (CYS18082), Chongqing Science and Technology Key Project (cstc2016shms-ztzx80007; cstc2017shms-xdny80057) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK20140010).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jia Xie and Hongxiang Liao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Jia Xie, Hongxiang Liao, Xiaowen Wang, Xiaobo Zhang, Jile Ni, Yangyang Li, Weijiang Tian & Xianchun Sang

Authors
  1. Jia Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongxiang Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaowen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaobo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jile Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yangyang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Weijiang Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xianchun Sang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xianchun Sang.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOC 2766 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xie, J., Liao, H., Wang, X. et al. DLT/OsGRAS-32, regulating leaf width and thickness by controlling cell number in Oryza sativa. Mol Breeding 39, 104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-019-1003-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-019-1003-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation