Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Kinetic investigation on the reduction of iron concentrate-charcoal composite briquette by forced stepwise isothermal analysis (FSIA)

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Flotation tailings of the zinc processing plant contain a high amount of iron. Recovery of iron from these tailings is a promising approach to reduce process waste and provide the steel industry's raw material. This study investigated the reduction kinetics of self-reducing briquettes composed of fine hematite particles and iron concentrate; a material obtained from processing zinc tailing by magnetic separation. The investigation was performed using the forced stepwise isothermal analysis method, and mass loss data from 973 to 1373 K was provided by the reduction of the briquettes in a thermogravimetric scale. The addition of iron concentrate as part of the raw material showed an increase in the reduction rate compared to briquettes composed of pure hematite. In the temperature range of 973–1073 K, the reduction was controlled by nucleation, with an activation energy of 327.60 kJ mol−1, and from 1123 to 1223 K by diffusion, with an activation energy of 402.3–665.0 kJ mol−1. For a batch process, as performed in the TG analysis, the gasification of charcoal was a step that increased the apparent activation energy of the process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lei C, Yan B, Chen T, Quan SX, Xiao XM. Comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc tailings, part 1: pollution characteristics and resource recovery of sulfur. J Environ Chem Eng. 2015;3:862–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sidle RC, Chambers JC, Amacher MC. Fate of heavy metals in an abandoned lead-zinc tailings pond: II. Sediment J Environ Qual. 1991;20:752–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ye ZH, Shu WS, Zhang ZQ, Lan CY, Wong MH. Evaluation of major constraints to revegetation of lead/zinc mine tailings using bioassay techniques. Chemosphere. 2002;47:1103–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Húngaro RC, Vinhal JT, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Caracterização do resíduo da flotação do minério de zinco. 20° Simpósio Mineração. Editora Blucher; 2019. p. 17–25.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Vinhal JT, Húngaro RC, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS (2019) Caracterização de rejeito proveniente do processo de flotação do minério willemítico. XXVIII Encontro Nac Trat Minérios e Metal Extrativa, pp 1–8

  6. Junca E, Restivo TAG, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Application of stepwise isothermal analysis method in the kinetic study of reduction of basic oxygen furnace dust. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120:1913–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gotor FJ, Perez-Maqueda LA, Ortega A, Criado JM. Kinetic analysis of solid state reactions by means of stepwise isothermal analysis (SIA) and constant rate thermal analysis (crta)—a compartive study. J Therm Anal. 1998;53:389–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tiernan MJ, Barnes PA, Parkes GMB. Reduction of iron oxide catalysts: the investigation of kinetic parameters using rate perturbation and linear heating thermoanalytical techniques. J Phys Chem B. 2001;105:220–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sørensen OT, Rouquerol J. Sample controlled thermal analysis origin, goals, multiple forms, applications and future. In: Sorensen OT, Rouquerol J, editors. Hot top thermal analysis calorimeter. US: Springer; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chen F, Sørensen OT, Meng G, Peng D. Thermal decomposition of BaC2O·0.5H2O studied by stepwise isothermal analysis and non-isothermal thermogravimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1998;53:397–410.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sørensen OT. Thermogravimetric and dilatometric studies using stepwise isothermal analysis and related techniques. J Therm Anal. 1992;38:213–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Husum PL, Sørensen OT. Computer controlled forced stepwise isothermal analysis. Thermochim Acta. 1987;114:131–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tenório Vinhal J, Costa Húngaro R, Luís Coleti J, Espinosa DCR. Iron recovery from zinc mine tailings by magnetic separation followed by carbothermal reduction of self-reducing briquettes. Can J Chem Eng. 2020;99:166–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Esezobor DE, Balogun SA. Zinc accumulation during recycling of iron oxide wastes in the blast furnace. Ironmak Steelmak. 2013;33:419–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Coleti JL, Manfredia GVP, Vinhal JT, Junca E, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Kinetic investigation of self-reduction basic oxygen furnace dust briquettes using charcoals from different biomass. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9:13282–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Roduit B, Maciejewski M, Baiker A. Influence of experimental conditions on the kinetic parameters of gas-solid reactions—parametric sensitivity of thermal analysis. Thermochim Acta. 1996;282–283:101–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Abraham MC, Ghosh A (1973) Kinetics of reduction of iron oxides and ores by carbon. pp 107–116

  18. Hunt J, Ferrari A, Lita A, Crosswhite M, Ashley B, Stiegman AE. Microwave-specific enhancement of the carbon-carbon dioxide (boudouard) reaction. J Phys Chem C Am Chem Soc. 2013;117:26871–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rat’Ko AI, Ivanets AI, Kulak AI, Morozov EA, Sakhar IO. Thermal decomposition of natural dolomite. Inorg Mater. 2011;47:1372–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Junca E, Restivo TAG, de Oliveira JR, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Reduction of electric arc furnace dust pellets by simulated reformed natural gas. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:1889–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pineau A, Kanari N, Gaballah I. Kinetics of reduction of iron oxides by H2: part I: low temperature reduction of hematite. Thermochim Acta. 2006;447:89–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang G, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang H, Zhao D. Experiments and kinetic modeling for reduction of ferric oxide-biochar composite pellets. ISIJ Int. 2017;57:1374–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Spreitzer D, Schenk J. Reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen—a review. Steel Res Int. 2019;90:1900108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Marsh H, Kuo K. Kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification. Introduction to carbon science. Elsevier; 1989. p. 107–51.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. Struis RPWJ, Von Scala C, Stucki S, Prins R. Gasification reactivity of charcoal with CO2. Part I: Conversion and structural phenomena. Chem Eng Sci. 2002;57:3581–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Guo D, Hu M, Pu C, Xiao B, Hu Z, Liu S, et al. Kinetics and mechanisms of direct reduction of iron ore-biomass composite pellets with hydrogen gas. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2015;40:4733–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kowitwarangkul P, Babich A, Senk D. Reduction kinetics of self-reducing pellets of iron ore. AISTech Proc. 2014;1:611–22.

    Google Scholar 

  28. He K, Zheng Z, Chen Z. Multistep reduction kinetics of Fe3O4 to Fe with CO in a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer. Powder Technol. 2020;360:1227–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Man Y, Xiao FJ. Effect of iron ore-coal pellets during reduction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Powder Technol. 2016;301:1213–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the FAPESP grants 2012/51871-9, Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), for the financial support. This work was also supported by a CAPES/BRAZIL EMBRAPII scholarship. The information presented in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of FAPESP, CAPES or EMBRAPII.

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, 2012/51871-9, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, 88887.507766/2020-00, Jonathan Tenório Vinhal.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of the University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP, 05508-080, Brazil

    Jonathan Tenório Vinhal, Jorge Luís Coleti & Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

    Leili Tafaghodi Khajavi

Authors
  1. Jonathan Tenório Vinhal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge Luís Coleti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Leili Tafaghodi Khajavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

JTV: conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, data curation, writing and editing—original draft; JLC: validation, writing—reviewing; LKT: conceptualization, validation, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing. DCRE: validation, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan Tenório Vinhal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vinhal, J.T., Coleti, J.L., Khajavi, L.T. et al. Kinetic investigation on the reduction of iron concentrate-charcoal composite briquette by forced stepwise isothermal analysis (FSIA). J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 14449–14458 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11743-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11743-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation