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Nanofluids: preparation, stability, properties, and thermal performance in terms of thermo-hydraulic, thermodynamics and thermo-economic analysis

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Abstract

In recent years, with the adaptation of nanotechnological engineering applications to complex systems, the use of nanofluids with better thermo-physical properties compared to conventional fluids has become widespread. In addition, studies on the preparation techniques of nanofluids, improving their thermal properties and evaluating their thermal performance are increasing. This study presents a review about preparation, evaluating and enhancement of the stability and thermal properties of nanofluids. Furthermore, the recent advances about the thermo-hydraulic, thermodynamic and thermo-economic performances of nanofluids in different types of thermal systems are summarized as well. The stability of nanofluid is a significant factor affecting its applicability. Various techniques have been used in the literature to enhance the stability of nanofluids such as surfactant addition, ultrasonic mixing and pH control. By using nanofluids, the desired thermo-physical properties can be obtained in order to improve the heat transfer property in the system. Some researchers recommend to hybrid nanofluids because of the hybrid effect of two or more particle types they contain. The reviewed literature also indicates that the use of nanofluids instead of conventional working fluids is an effective way to increase the thermo-hydraulic performance of thermal systems. In addition, according to the literature review, minimum entropy generation is an effective way to increase the energy efficiency and improve thermodynamic performance of the thermal system and the use of nanofluids provide a significant reduction in entropy production.

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Abbreviations

DI:

Deionized

EG:

Ethylene glycol

DEG:

Diethylene glycol

DW:

Distilled water

HE:

Heat exchanger

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

SDBS:

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

vol:

Volume

PG:

Polyglycol

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

FMWCNT:

Functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotube

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

ISSRC:

Integrated solar regenerative Rankine cycle

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

Nu:

Nusselt number

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

F:

Friction factor

D:

Inner diameter of microchannel, m

knf :

Thermal conductivity of nanofluid

kbf :

Thermal conductivity of base fluid

μ :

Viscosity (kg m−1 s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

Δp :

Pressure drop (Pa)

λ m :

Thermal conductivity of nanofluid (W m−1 K−1)

λ f :

Thermal conductivity of liquid metal (W m−1 K−1)

h :

Forced convection heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

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  1. Bioengineering Department, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey

    Duygu Yılmaz Aydın

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Metin Gürü

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Yılmaz Aydın, D., Gürü, M. Nanofluids: preparation, stability, properties, and thermal performance in terms of thermo-hydraulic, thermodynamics and thermo-economic analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 7631–7664 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11092-8

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