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Mathematical based modeling of thermophysical properties of an enriched oil based hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

In the present research, the rheological behavior of MWCNT (50%)-ZnO (50%)/5W50 nanofluid is investigated in the temperature range of 5–55 °C, different solid volume fractions (SVFs) between 0 and 1%, and shear rates (SRs) of 666.5–10,664 s−1. With the aim of preventing unwanted viscosity increase in nano-engine oil and according to test results, the SVF of 0.05% and 0.1% was selected as best choices for having an enriched engine oil containing nanoparticles with improved thermal conductivity and controlled viscosity behavior. Also, to check the sensitivity of nano-engine oil viscosity against unwanted changes in temperature and SVF, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the produced nano-engine oil. Focusing on the results shows that the lowest sensitivity of viscosity occurs at lower temperatures and SVFs that are about 0.1% and 0.5% at a temperature of 5 °C and SVF of 0.05%, respectively. On the other hand, at higher temperatures and SVFs, the sensitivity of viscosity against temperature and SVF reaches its highest values that are about 1.2% at 55 °C and 6% at SVF of 1%. Based on results SVF of 0.05% is the most suitable enriched nano-engine oil with lowest viscosity influens level against dispersed nanoparticles and also with low level of sensitivity. Proposing a mathematical-based correlation is another achievement of the present study to predict the rheological behavior of nano-engine oil.

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Abbreviations

f :

Frequency

m :

Consistency index

n :

Power law index

T :

Temperature

W :

Mass

Exp:

Experimental

MOD:

Margin of deviation

MWCNT:

Multiwall carbon nanotube

NF:

Nanofluid

NP:

Nanoparticle

Pred.:

Prediction

SR:

Shear rate

SVF:

Solid volume fraction

SVF:

Solid volume fraction

SS:

Shear stress

SSA:

Specific surface area

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

VF:

Volume fraction

VI:

Viscosity

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

ZNO:

Zinc oxide

φ :

Solid volume fraction

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear rate

μ :

Viscosity

μ r :

Relative viscosity

ρ :

Density

τ:

Shear stress

bf:

Basefluid

nf:

Nanofluid

r :

Relative

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hemmat Esfe & Saeed Esfandeh

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  1. Mohammad Hemmat Esfe
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Hemmat Esfe, M., Esfandeh, S. Mathematical based modeling of thermophysical properties of an enriched oil based hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 2125–2137 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10497-1

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