Abstract
2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) has drawn extensive attention because of its heat resistance and insensitivity properties. In this study, the LLM-105 nanoparticles were successfully prepared via ball milling method. The milled particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal sensitivity tests. Moreover, thermodynamics and kinetics parameters of LLM-105 samples were calculated by two kinetics equations. Results show that the milling process can significantly reduce the particle size of LLM-105 and the milling LLM-105 particles have the narrow particle size distribution ranging from 510 to 650 nm. The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of milling LLM-105 are decreased by over 14 °C than those of raw LLM-105 at the same heating rate. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of LLM-105 nanoparticles is calculated as 221.2 kJ mol−1 and 221.4 kJ mol−1 by Kissinger and Starink equation, respectively, which is lower a third than that of raw LLM-105 (339.9 kJ mol−1, 339.7 kJ mol−1). The thermodynamics parameters (ΔS≠, ΔH≠, ΔG≠) of LLM-105 are also decreased in various degrees.
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This work was supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of North University of China (20181569).
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Liu, B., An, C., Geng, X. et al. LLM-105 nanoparticles prepared via green ball milling and their thermodynamics and kinetics investigation. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 3303–3309 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08079-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08079-x