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Effect of mechanical activation on the hydrogen reduction kinetics of magnetite concentrate

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Abstract

The effect of mechanical activation on the reduction kinetics of magnetite concentrate by hydrogen was studied. The magnetite concentrate was milled for 8 h in a planetary ball mill. After 8 h of milling, the average particle size was reduced from 14 to 4.4 µm, resulting in a lattice microstrain of 0.3. Isothermal reduction experiments were conducted by thermogravimetry to focus on the chemical reaction as the rate-controlling factor by eliminating external mass transfer effects and using a thin layer of particles to remove interstitial diffusion resistance. Thus, about 2 mg of magnetite powder was reduced at different temperatures under a sufficient flow of hydrogen. The magnetite concentrate and reduction products were analyzed by SEM and XRD. It was found that the onset reduction temperature decreased from 587 to 500 K (314–227 °C) due to the mechanical activation. The activation energy for hydrogen reduction of the activated concentrate decreased about 10% compared with the as-received concentrate. In view of the results, a reaction rate expression was established based on the nucleation and growth model with an Avrami parameter n = 2.5.

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Acknowledgements

Support from the National Council for Science and Technology, CONACYT Mexico, for one of the authors (J. Ruiz) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Ricardo Morales-Estrella, Juan Ruiz-Ornelas & Noemi Ortiz-Lara

  2. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Ricardo Morales-Estrella, Yousef Mohassab & Hong Yong Sohn

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  1. Ricardo Morales-Estrella
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  2. Juan Ruiz-Ornelas
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  3. Noemi Ortiz-Lara
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  4. Yousef Mohassab
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  5. Hong Yong Sohn
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Correspondence to Ricardo Morales-Estrella.

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Morales-Estrella, R., Ruiz-Ornelas, J., Ortiz-Lara, N. et al. Effect of mechanical activation on the hydrogen reduction kinetics of magnetite concentrate. J Therm Anal Calorim 130, 713–720 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6435-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6435-9

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