Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Advances on identification and animated simulations of radioactivity risk levels after Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident (with a data bank): A Critical Review

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review study has been based on two main foundations as advances on the attainment of the risk radioactive fallouts levels, and the applications of methods for risk assessment to actual data and visual results, which are based on a 3-year study. A risk analysis model is developed with the animated simulations including the isotope distribution based on soil activity data, 131I measured at 19 stations after the Fukushima accident. Probability distribution functions of the risk levels are obtained in addition to the probability of occurrence (risk) and the probability of non-occurrence (reliability) of the activity risks concerning 131I. The results are used for prediction of 60-day radioactive fallout subsequence and animated (.mp4) through simulations.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

λ :

Radioactive decay constant

t 1/2 :

Radioactive half-life

t :

Time parameter

N 0 :

Number of initial radioactive nuclei

N(t):

Number of radioactive nuclei at time t

N r(t):

The number of nuclei at time t of rth radioactive nucleus

N n(t):

Number of nuclide in time t of stable nuclide

A 0 :

The initial activity

A(t):

Activity in time t

x i :

ith independent parameter

f(x i):

ith dependent parameter

g(x):

Theoretical curve

ε i :

ith error

E :

Square of the sum of errors

a i :

ith coefficient

x 0 :

Prediction point

w i(x 0):

Weight value indicating the contribution from the ith station for the prediction point

G :

Confidence

R :

Risk

s :

Sum of all cases

g :

Probability/event of non-occurrence

r :

Probability/event of occurrence

m :

Rank

g b :

Probability of non-occurrence for biggest activity value

m b :

The rank for biggest activity value

n :

The number of all activity events

A :

Activity event

P(A):

Probability of occurrence of event A

A s :

Small activity value event

A b :

Great activity value event

α :

Scale parameter for Weibull distribution

β :

Shape parameter for Weibull distribution

µ :

Location parameters for the lognormal and generalized extreme-value distributions

σ :

Scale parameter for the lognormal and generalized extreme-value distributions

k :

Shape parameter for generalized extreme-value distribution

f(x|k, µ, σ):

Generalized extreme-value distribution function

F(x|k, µ, σ):

Generalized extreme-value cumulative distribution function

g gev :

Probability of non-occurrence for generalized extreme-value distribution

r gev :

Probability of occurrence for generalized extreme-value distribution

References

  1. Book reviews (1975) Ann Assoc Am Geogr 65(2):313–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1975.tb01039.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Krivit S, Lehr J, Kingery T (2011) Nuclear energy encyclopedia—science, technology and applications. Wiley series on energy. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. WHO reports low health risk from Fukushima (2013) Nucl Eng Int 58 (705):26–29

  4. Akai J, Anawar HM (2013) Mineralogical approach in elucidation of contamination mechanism for toxic trace elements in the environment: special reference to arsenic contamination in groundwater. Phys Chem Earth 58–60:2–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2013.04.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Changlai SP, Tsai HH, Tsai SC, Chen HP, Chang CL, Yao YH, Chen CY (2012) Environmental radiation detected at Lin Shin Hospital in Taichung during the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 291(3):859–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1376-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ioannides K, Stamoulis K, Papachristodoulou C (2013) Environmental radioactivity measurements in north-western Greece following the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 298(2):1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Manolopoulou M, Stoulos S, Ioannidou A, Vagena E, Papastefanou C (2012) Radiation measurements and radioecological aspects of fallout from the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 292(1):155–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1386-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bortz F (2012) Meltdown! The nuclear disaster in Japan and our energy future. Twenty-First Century Books, Lerner, ISBN: 978-0-7613-8660-5

  9. Sinclair L, Seywerd H, Fortin R, Carson J, Saull P, Coyle M, Van Brabant R, Buckle J, Desjardins S, Hall R (2011) Aerial measurement of radioxenon concentration off the west coast of Vancouver Island following the Fukushima reactor accident. J Environ Radioact 102(11):1018–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Unno N, Minakami H, Kubo T, Fujimori K, Ishiwata I, Terada H, Saito S, Yamaguchi I, Kunugita N, Nakai A, Yoshimura Y (2012) Effect of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on radioiodine (131I) content in human breast milk. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 38(5):772–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01810.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu S, Cook GT, Cresswell AJ, Dunbar E, Freeman S, Hastie H, Hou XL, Jacobsson P, Naysmith P, Sanderson DCW, Tripney BG, Yamaguchi K (2016) C-14 levels in the vicinity of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant prior to the 2011 accident. J Environ Radioact 157:90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Xu S, Freeman S, Hou XL, Watanabe A, Yamaguchi K, Zhang LY (2013) Iodine isotopes in precipitation: temporal responses to I-129 emissions from the Fukushima nuclear accident. Environ Sci Technol 47(19):10851–10859. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401527q

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Xu S, Zhang LY, Freeman S, Hou XL, Yamaguchi K, Cresswell AJ, Sanderson DCW (2016) I-129 and Cs-137 in groundwater in the vicinity of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. Geochem J 50(3):287–291. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.2.0414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yamaguchi N, Eguchi S, Fujiwara H, Hayashi K, Tsukada H (2012) Radiocesium and radioiodine in soil particles agitated by agricultural practices: field observation after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci Total Environ 425:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yamaguchi T, Sawano K, Kishimoto M, Furuhama K, Yamada K (2012) Early-stage bioassay for monitoring radioactive contamination in living livestock. J Vet Med Sci 74(12):1675–1676. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.12-0170

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Momoshima N, Sugihara S, Ichikawa R, Yokoyama H (2012) Atmospheric radionuclides transported to Fukuoka, Japan remote from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power complex following the nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 111:28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.09.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolsunovsky A, Dementyev D (2011) Evidence of the radioactive fallout in the center of Asia (Russia) following the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 102(11):1062–1064

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tagami K, Uchida S (2011) Can we remove iodine-131 from tap water in Japan by boiling? Experimental testing in response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Chemosphere 84(9):1282–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Tagami K, Uchida S, Uchihori Y, Ishii N, Kitamura H, Shirakawa Y (2011) Specific activity and activity ratios of radionuclides in soil collected about 20 km from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant: radionuclide release to the south and southwest. Sci Total Environ 409(22):4885–4888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Morino Y, Ohara T, Nishizawa M (2011) Atmospheric behavior, deposition, and budget of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. Geophys Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Huh C-A, Hsu S-C, Lin C-Y (2012) Fukushima-derived fission nuclides monitored around Taiwan: free tropospheric versus boundary layer transport. Earth Planet Sci Lett 319:9–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Manolopoulou M, Vagena E, Stoulos S, Ioannidou A, Papastefanou C (2011) Radioiodine and radiocesium in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 102(8):796–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Masson O, Baeza A, Bieringer J, Brudecki K, Bucci S, Cappai M, Carvalho FP, Connan O, Cosma C, Dalheimer A, Didier D, Depuydt G, De Geer LE, De Vismes A, Gini L, Groppi F, Gudnason K, Gurriaran R, Hainz D, Halldorsson O, Hammond D, Hanley O, Holey K, Homoki Z, Ioannidou A, Isajenko K, Jankovic M, Katzlberger C, Kettunen M, Kierepko R, Kontro R, Kwakman PJM, Lecomte M, Vintro LL, Leppanen AP, Lind B, Lujaniene G, Mc Ginnity P, Mc Mahon C, Mala H, Manenti S, Manolopoulou M, Mattila A, Mauring A, Mietelski JW, Moller B, Nielsen SP, Nikolic J, Overwater RMW, Palsson SE, Papastefanou C, Penev I, Pham MK, Povinec PP, Rameback H, Reis MC, Ringer W, Rodriguez A, Rulik P, Saey PRJ, Samsonov V, Schlosser C, Sgorbati G, Silobritiene BV, Soderstrom C, Sogni R, Solier L, Sonck M, Steinhauser G, Steinkopff T, Steinmann P, Stoulos S, Sykora I, Todorovic D, Tooloutalaie N, Tositti L, Tschiersch J, Ugron A, Vagena E, Vargas A, Wershofen H, Zhukova O (2011) Tracking of airborne radionuclides from the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear reactors by European networks. Environ Sci Technol 45(18):7670–7677. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2017158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lozano R, Hernández-Ceballos M, Adame J, Casas-Ruíz M, Sorribas M, San Miguel E, Bolívar J (2011) Radioactive impact of Fukushima accident on the Iberian Peninsula: evolution and plume previous pathway. Environ Int 37(7):1259–1264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pittauerová D, Hettwig B, Fischer HW (2011) Fukushima fallout in Northwest German environmental media. J Environ Radioact 102(9):877–880

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Katata G, Chino M, Kobayashi T, Terada H, Ota M, Nagai H, Kajino M, Draxler R, Hort M, Malo A (2015) Detailed source term estimation of the atmospheric release for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident by coupling simulations of an atmospheric dispersion model with an improved deposition scheme and oceanic dispersion model. Atmos Chem Phys 15(2):1029–1070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yoshida N, Kanda J (2012) Tracking the Fukushima radionuclides. Science 336(6085):1115–1116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Minowa H (2015) Image analysis of radiocesium distribution in coniferous trees two years after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(2):1601–1605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3817-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Aliyu AS, Evangeliou N, Mousseau TA, Wu J, Ramli AT (2015) An overview of current knowledge concerning the health and environmental consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident. Environ Int 85:213–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kuramochi T (2015) Review of energy and climate policy developments in Japan before and after Fukushima. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 43:1320–1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Poumadere M, Bertoldo R, Samadi J (2011) Public perceptions and governance of controversial technologies to tackle climate change: nuclear power, carbon capture and storage, wind, and geoengineering. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 2(5):712–727. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jones CR, Elgueta H, Eiser JR (2016) Reconciling nuclear risk: the impact of the Fukushima accident on comparative preferences for nuclear power in UK electricity generation. J Appl Soc Psychol 46(4):242–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Karakosta C, Pappas C, Marinakis V, Psarras J (2013) Renewable energy and nuclear power towards sustainable development: characteristics and prospects. Renew Sust Energy Rev 22:187–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kuramochi T, Wakiyama T, Kuriyama A (2017) Assessment of national greenhouse gas mitigation targets for 2030 through meta-analysis of bottom-up energy and emission scenarios: a case of Japan. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 77:924–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kusumi T, Hirayama R, Kashima Y (2017) Risk perception and risk talk: the case of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear radiation risk. Risk Anal 37(12):2305–2320. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12784

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Pravalie R, Bandoc G (2018) Nuclear energy: between global electricity demand, worldwide decarbonisation imperativeness, and planetary environmental implications. J Environ Manage 209:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.043

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang GA, Li JR, Ravi S, Van Pelt RS, Costa PJM, Dukes D (2017) Tracer techniques in aeolian research: approaches, applications, and challenges. Earth Sci Rev 170:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.05.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Klein SA, Hall A, Norris JR, Pincus R (2017) Low-cloud feedbacks from cloud-controlling factors: a review. Surv Geophys 38(6):1307–1329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9433-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Slangen ABA, Adloff F, Jevrejeva S, Leclercq PW, Marzeion B, Wada Y, Winkelmann R (2017) A review of recent updates of sea-level projections at global and regional scales. Surv Geophys 38(1):385–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9374-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Vial J, Bony S, Stevens B, Vogel R (2017) Mechanisms and model diversity of trade-wind shallow cumulus cloud feedbacks: a review. Surv Geophys 38(6):1331–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9418-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Wing AA, Emanuel K, Holloway CE, Muller C (2017) Convective self-aggregation in numerical simulations: a review. Surv Geophys 38(6):1173–1197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9408-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hirose K (2018) Long-term monitoring of radiocesium deposition near the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant: effect of interception of radiocesium on vegetables. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 318(1):65–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5972-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fujimura S, Ishikawa J, Sakuma Y, Saito T, Sato M, Yoshioka K (2014) Theoretical model of the effect of potassium on the uptake of radiocesium by rice. J Environ Radioact 138:122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.08.017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hermsmeyer S, Herranz LE, Iglesias R, Reer B, Nowack H, Sonnenkalb M, Stefanova A, Chatelard P, Foucher L, Raimond E, Barnak M, Matejovic P, Sanchez V, Lajtha G, Techy Z, Lind T, Gremme F, Koch M, Bujan A, Grah A, Pascal G, Pla P, Sangiorgi M, Strucic M, Garcia MV (2015) Review of current severe accident management approaches in Europe and identification of related modelling requirements for the computer code ASTEC V2.1. Atw-Int J Nucl Power 60(7):461–+

  45. Ryu Y, Kim S (2015) Testing the heuristic/systematic information-processing model (HSM) on the perception of risk after the Fukushima nuclear accidents. J Risk Res 18(7):840–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.910694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Sutou S (2015) Tremendous human, human, social, and economic losses caused by obstinate application of the failed linear no-threshold model. Yakugaku Zasshi-J Pharm Soc Jpn 135(11):1197–1211. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.15-00188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Srinivas CV, Rakesh PT, Prasad K, Venkatesan R, Baskaran R, Venkatraman B (2014) Assessment of atmospheric dispersion and radiological impact from the Fukushima accident in a 40-km range using a simulation approach. Air Qual Atmos Health 7(2):209–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-014-0241-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hidaka A, Yokoyama H (2017) Examination of I-131 and Cs-137 releases during late phase of Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident by using I-131/Cs-137 ratio of source terms evaluated reversely by WSPEEDI code with environmental monitoring data. J Nucl Sci Technol 54(8):819–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2017.1323691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kaeriyama H (2017) Oceanic dispersion of Fukushima-derived radioactive cesium: a review. Fish Oceanogr 26(2):99–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Aliyu AS, Evangeliou N, Mousseau TA, Wu JW, Ramli AT (2015) An overview of current knowledge concerning the health and environmental consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident. Environ Int 85:213–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Bottomley PDW, Walker CT, Papaioannou D, Bremier S, Poml P, Glatz JP, van Winckel S, van Uffelen P, Manara D, Rondinella VV (2014) Severe accident research at the Transuranium Institute Karlsruhe: a review of past experience and its application to future challenges. Ann Nucl Energy 65:345–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2013.11.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bridgman S (2001) Community health risk assessment after a fire with asbestos containing fallout. J Epidemiol Community Health 55(12):921–927. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.12.921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Cho HS, Woo TH (2017) Real-time management (RTM) by cloud computing system dynamics (CCSD) for risk analysis of Fukushima nuclear power plant (NPP) accident. Atw-Int J Nucl Power 62 (3):171–+

  54. Evrard O, Laceby JP, Lepage H, Onda Y, Cerdan O, Ayrault S (2015) Radiocesium transfer from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident: a review. J Environ Radioact 148:92–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Gusman AR, Satake K, Shinohara M, Sakai S, Tanioka Y (2017) Fault Slip Distribution of the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake Estimated from Tsunami Waveforms. Pure appl Geophys 174(8):2925–2943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1590-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Hirose K (2016) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident: atmospheric and oceanic impacts over the five years. J Environ Radioact 157:113–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Huang L, Zhou Y, Han YT, Hammitt JK, Bi J, Liu Y (2013) Effect of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the risk perception of residents near a nuclear power plant in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(49):19742–19747. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1313825110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Huh CA, Lin CY, Hsu SC (2013) Regional dispersal of Fukushima-derived fission nuclides by East-Asian monsoon: a synthesis and review. Aerosol Air Qual Res 13(2):537–544. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.08.0223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Iimura A, Cross JS (2016) Influence of safety risk perception on post-Fukushima generation mix and its policy implications in Japan. Asia Pac Policy Stud 3(3):518–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Kakamu T, Hidaka T, Hayakawa T, Kumagai T, Jinnouchi T, Tsuji M, Nakano S, Koyama K, Fukushima T (2015) Risk and preventive factors for heat illness in radiation decontamination workers after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Occup Health 57(4):331–338. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0218-OA

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kamae K (2016) Earthquakes, tsunamis and nuclear risks: prediction and assessment beyond the Fukushima accident. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55822-4

    Book  Google Scholar 

  62. Kimura AH (2017) Fukushima ETHOS: post-disaster risk communication, affect, and shifting risks. Sci Cult. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2017.1325458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Lei H, Yuting H, Jun B, Ying Z, Yang L, Hammitt JK (2013) Effect of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the risk perception of residents near a nuclear power plant in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(49):19742–19747. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1313825110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Makowski P, Deschanels X, Grandjean A, Meyer D, Toquer G, Goettmann F (2012) Mesoporous materials in the field of nuclear industry: applications and perspectives. New J Chem 36(3):531–541. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nj20703b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Nishimura T, Hoshi H, Hotta A (2015) Current research and development activities on fission products and hydrogen risk after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. Nucl Eng Technol 47(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2014.12.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Prati G, Zani B (2013) The effect of the Fukushima nuclear accident on risk perception, antinuclear behavioral intentions, attitude, trust, environmental beliefs, and values. Environ Behav 45(6):782–798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512444286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Riedlinger M, Rea J (2015) Discourse ecology and knowledge niches: negotiating the risks of radiation in online Canadian forums, Post-Fukushima. Sci Technol Hum Values 40(4):588–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915571166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Zheng J, Tagami K, Uchida S (2013) Release of plutonium isotopes into the environment from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: what is known and what needs to be known. Environ Sci Technol 47(17):9584–9595. https://doi.org/10.1021/es402212v

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Tanaka S, Zabel J (2018) Valuing nuclear energy risk: evidence from the impact of the Fukushima crisis on U.S. house prices. J Environ Econ Manag 88:411–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.12.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Takebayashi Y, Lyamzina Y, Suzuki Y, Murakami M (2017) Risk perception and anxiety regarding radiation after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident: a systematic qualitative review. Int J Env Res Public Health 14(11):1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Kristiansen NI, Stohl A, Wotawa G (2012) Atmospheric removal times of the aerosol-bound radionuclides 137 Cs and 131 I measured after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident–a constraint for air quality and climate models. Atmos Chem Phys 12(22):10759–10769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Aoyama M (2014) Transport processes of Fukushima derived radioactivity in the Pacific Ocean. Yakugaku Zasshi-J Pharm Soc Jpn 134(2):149–154. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00227-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ashraf MA, Khan AM, Ahmad M, Akib S, Balkhair KS, Abu Bakar NK (2014) Release, deposition and elimination of radiocesium (Cs-137) in the terrestrial environment. Environ Geochem Health 36(6):1165–1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9620-9 (Retracted article. See vol. 39, pg. 703, 2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Buesseler K, Dai MH, Aoyama M, Benitez-Nelson C, Charmasson S, Higley K, Maderich V, Masque P, Morris PJ, Oughton D, Smith JN, Annual R (2017) Fukushima Daiichi-derived radionuclides in the ocean: transport, fate, and impacts. In: Annual review of marine sciences, vol 9, pp 173–203. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060733

  75. Kumamoto Y, Aoyama M, Hamajima Y, Nagai H, Yamagata T, Murata A (2017) Spreading of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the Western North Pacific Ocean by the end of 2014. Bunseki Kagaku 66(3):137–148. https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.66.137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Nollet KE, Ohto H, Yasuda H, Hasegawa A (2013) The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, from the vantage point of blood banking and transfusion medicine. Transfus Med Rev 27(1):29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2012.07.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Prants SV (2014) Chaotic Lagrangian transport and mixing in the ocean. Eur Phys J-Spec Top 223(13):2723–2743. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2014-02288-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Wang XY, Kato H, Shibasaki R (2013) Risk perception and communication in international maritime shipping in Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster. Transp Res Rec 2330:87–94. https://doi.org/10.3141/2330-12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Harrison RG (2004) The global atmospheric electrical circuit and climate. Surv Geophys 25(5–6):441–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-004-5439-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Mathieu A, Korsakissok I, Quélo D, Saunier O, Groëll J, Didier D, Corbin D, Denis J, Tombette M, Winiarek V, Bocquet M, Quentric E, Benoit JP (2013) State of the model to simulate the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Pollut Atmos. https://doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Saunier O, Mathieu A, Didier D, Tombette M, Quelo D, Winiarek V, Bocquet M (2013) An inverse modeling method to assess the source term of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident using gamma dose rate observations. Atmos Chem Phys 13(22):11403–11421. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11403-2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Winiarek V, Bocquet M, Duhanyan N, Roustan Y, Saunier O, Mathieu A (2014) Estimation of the caesium-137 source term from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant using a consistent joint assimilation of air concentration and deposition observations. Atmos Environ 82:268–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Christoudias T, Lelieveld J (2013) Modelling the global atmospheric transport and deposition of radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident. Atmos Chem Phys 13(3):1425–1438. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1425-2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Geng X, Xie Z, Zhang L, Xu M, Jia B (2018) An inverse method to estimate emission rates based on nonlinear least-squares-based ensemble four-dimensional variational data assimilation with local air concentration measurements. J Environ Radioact 183:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Kadowaki M, Nagai H, Terada H, Katata G, Akari S (2017) Improvement of atmospheric dispersion simulation using an advanced meteorological data assimilation method to reconstruct the spatiotemporal distribution of radioactive materials released during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. In: Kobayashi Y, Chiba S, Obara T et al (eds) Special Issue of for the fifth international symposium on innovative nuclear energy systems, vol 131. Energy Procedia. Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam, pp 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.465

  86. Katata G, Chino M, Kobayashi T, Terada H, Ota M, Nagai H, Kajino M, Draxler R, Hort MC, Malo A, Torii T, Sanada Y (2015) Detailed source term estimation of the atmospheric release for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident by coupling simulations of an atmospheric dispersion model with an improved deposition scheme and oceanic dispersion model. Atmos Chem Phys 15(2):1029–1070. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1029-2015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hirao S, Yamazawa H, Nagae T (2013) Estimation of release rate of iodine-131 and cesium-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant: Fukushima NPP accident related. J Nucl Sci Technol 50(2):139–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Chino M, Nakayama H, Nagai H, Terada H, Katata G, Yamazawa H (2011) Preliminary estimation of release amounts of 131I and 137Cs accidentally discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the atmosphere. J Nucl Sci Technol 48(7):1129–1134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Korsakissok I, Mathieu A, Didier D (2013) Atmospheric dispersion and ground deposition induced by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident: a local-scale simulation and sensitivity study. Atmos Environ 70:267–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Kristiansen NI, Stohl A, Wotawa G (2012) Atmospheric removal times of the aerosol-bound radionuclides Cs-137 and I-131 measured after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident—a constraint for air quality and climate models. Atmos Chem Phys 12(22):10759–10769. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10759-2012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Saunier O, Mathieu A, Didier D, Tombette M, Quélo D, Winiarek V, Bocquet M (2013) An inverse modeling method to assess the source term of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident using gamma dose rate observations. Atmos Chem Phys 13(22):11403–11421. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11403-2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stohl A, Seibert P, Wotawa G, Arnold D, Burkhart JF, Eckhardt S, Tapia C, Vargas A, Yasunari TJ (2012) Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant: determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition. Atmos Chem Phys 12(5):2313–2343. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2313-2012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Yasunari TJ, Stohl A, Hayano RS, Burkhart JF, Eckhardt S, Yasunari T (2011) Cesium-137 deposition and contamination of Japanese soils due to the Fukushima nuclear accident. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(49):19530–19534. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112058108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Winiarek V, Bocquet M, Saunier O, Mathieu A (2012) Estimation of errors in the inverse modeling of accidental release of atmospheric pollutant: Application to the reconstruction of the cesium-137 and iodine-131 source terms from the Fukushima Daiichi power plant. J Geophys Res Atmos. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Kosaka K, Asami M, Kobashigawa N, Ohkubo K, Terada H, Kishida N, Akiba M (2012) Removal of radioactive iodine and cesium in water purification processes after an explosion at a nuclear power plant due to the Great East Japan Earthquake. Water Res 46(14):4397–4404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Miyazaki H, Tsuchiyama T, Terada H (2013) Examination of radioactive contamination in foods. Food Hyg Saf Sci 54(2):156–164. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.54.156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Terada H, Katata G, Chino M, Nagai H (2012) Atmospheric discharge and dispersion of radionuclides during the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Part II: verification of the source term and analysis of regional-scale atmospheric dispersion. J Environ Radioact 112:141–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Masson O, Ringer W, Malá H, Rulik P, Dlugosz-Lisiecka M, Eleftheriadis K, Meisenberg O, De Vismes-Ott A, Fo Gensdarmes (2013) Size distributions of airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima nuclear accident at several places in Europe. Environ Sci Technol 47(19):10995–11003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Long NQ, Truong Y, Hien PD, Binh NT, Sieu L, Giap T, Phan N (2012) Atmospheric radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactor accident observed in Vietnam. J Environ Radioact 111:53–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Kim C-K, Byun J-I, Chae J-S, Choi H-Y, Choi S-W, Kim D-J, Kim Y-J, Lee D-M, Park W-J, Yim SA (2012) Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 111:70–82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Xu S, Freeman SP, Hou X, Watanabe A, Yamaguchi K, Zhang L (2013) Iodine isotopes in precipitation: temporal responses to 129I emissions from the Fukushima nuclear accident. Environ Sci Technol 47(19):10851–10859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Arai T (2016) Temporal and spatial variations of radioactive cesium levels in Northeast Japan following the Fukushima nuclear accident. Ecotoxicology 25(8):1514–1522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Achim P, Monfort M, Le Petit G, Gross P, Douysset G, Taffary T, Blanchard X, Moulin C (2014) Analysis of radionuclide releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident part II. Pure Appl Geophys 171(3–5):645–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Draxler R, Arnold D, Chino M, Galmarini S, Hort M, Jones A, Leadbetter S, Malo A, Maurer C, Rolph G (2015) World Meteorological Organization’s model simulations of the radionuclide dispersion and deposition from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 139:172–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Lee H-J, Jo H-Y, Nam K-P, Lee K-H, Kim C-H (2017) Measurement, simulation, and meteorological interpretation of medium-range transport of radionuclides to Korea during the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident. Ann Nucl Energy 103:412–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Aoyama M, Hirose K (2012) Distribution of oceanic 137Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant simulated numerically by a regional ocean model. J Environ Radioact 111:100–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Aoyama M, Uematsu M, Misumi K, Maeda Y, Yoshida Y, Hayami H (2013) One-year, regional-scale simulation of 137Cs radioactivity in the ocean following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Biogeosciences 10(8):5601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Miyazawa Y, Masumoto Y, Varlamov S, Miyama T, Takigawa M, Honda M, Saino T (2013) Inverse estimation of source parameters of oceanic radioactivity dispersion models associated with the Fukushima accident. Biogeosciences 10(4):2349–2363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Saito K, Tanihata I, Fujiwara M, Saito T, Shimoura S, Otsuka T, Onda Y, Hoshi M, Ikeuchi Y, Takahashi F (2015) Detailed deposition density maps constructed by large-scale soil sampling for gamma-ray emitting radioactive nuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 139:308–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Povinec P, Sýkora I, Holý K, Gera M, Kováčik A, Brest’áková L (2012) Aerosol radioactivity record in Bratislava/Slovakia following the Fukushima accident–A comparison with global fallout and the Chernobyl accident. J Environ Radioact 114:81–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Lelieveld J, Lawrence MG, Kunkel D (2012) Global risk of radioactive fallout after major nuclear reactor accidents” by Lelieveld et al. (2012). Atmos Chem Phys 13(1):31–34. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-31-2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Niksarlioglu S, Kulahci F, Sen Z (2015) Spatiotemporal modeling and simulation of chernobyl radioactive fallout in northern Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(1):171–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3517-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Tanarhte M, Hadjinicolaou P, Lelieveld J (2012) Intercomparison of temperature and precipitation data sets based on observations in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. J Geophys Res Atmos 117(D12):D12102. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Thakur P, Ballard S, Nelson R (2013) An overview of Fukushima radionuclides measured in the northern hemisphere. Sci Total Environ 458:577–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Nakanishi TM (2017) Research with radiation and radioisotopes to better understand plant physiology and agricultural consequences of radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 311(2):947–971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-5148-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  116. Ishida M, Yamazaki H (2017) Radioactive contamination in the Tokyo metropolitan area in the early stage of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident and its fluctuation over five years. PLoS ONE 12(11):e0187687

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Tanaka K, Iwatani H, Sakaguchi A, Takahashi Y, Onda Y (2013) Local distribution of radioactivity in tree leaves contaminated by fallout of the radionuclides emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 295(3):2007–2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2192-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Tanaka K, Sakaguchi A, Kanai Y, Tsuruta H, Shinohara A, Takahashi Y (2013) Heterogeneous distribution of radiocesium in aerosols, soil and particulate matters emitted by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: retention of micro-scale heterogeneity during the migration of radiocesium from the air into ground and river systems. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 295(3):1927–1937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2160-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Zheng J, Tagami K, Uchida S (2012) Rapid analysis of U isotopes in vegetables using ICP-MS: application to the emergency U monitoring after the nuclear accident at TEPCO’s Fukushima Dai-ichi power station. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 292(1):171–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1387-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Koarashi J, Atarashi-Andoh M, Amano H, Matsunaga T (2017) Vertical distributions of global fallout Cs-137 and C-14 in a Japanese forest soil profile and their implications for the fate and migration processes of Fukushima-derived Cs-137. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 311(1):473–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4938-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Nihei N, Tanoi K, Nakanishi TM (2016) Monitoring inspection for radiocesium in agricultural, livestock, forestry and fishery products in Fukushima prefecture. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 307(3):2217–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4448-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Igarashi Y, Fujiwara H, Jugder D (2011) Change of the Asian dust source region deduced from the composition of anthropogenic radionuclides in surface soil in Mongolia. Atmos Chem Phys 11(14):7069–7080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Kusakabe M, Oikawa S, Takata H, Misonoo J (2013) Spatiotemporal distributions of Fukushima-derived radionuclides in nearby marine surface sediments. Biogeosciences 10(7):5019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Xu S, Cook GT, Cresswell AJ, Dunbar E, Freeman S, Hou XL, Kinch H, Naysmith P, Sanderson DWC, Zhang LY (2016) Carbon, cesium and iodine isotopes in Japanese cedar leaves from Iwaki, Fukushima. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 310(2):927–934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4830-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. Zhang WH, Friese J, Ungar K (2013) The ambient gamma dose-rate and the inventory of fission products estimations with the soil samples collected at Canadian embassy in Tokyo during Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296(1):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2040-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Koo Y-H, Yang Y-S, Song K-W (2014) Radioactivity release from the Fukushima accident and its consequences: a review. Prog Nucl Energy 74:61–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Pignalberi A, Pezzopane M, Rizzi R, Galkin I (2018) Effective solar indices for ionospheric modeling: a review and a proposal for a real-time regional IRI. Surv Geophys 39(1):125–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9438-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Cressie N (1990) The origins of kriging. Math Geol 22(3):239–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Olea RA (2017) Resampling of spatially correlated data with preferential sampling for the estimation of frequency distributions and semivariograms. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 31(2):481–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-016-1289-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Krige DG (1951) A statistical approach to some basic mine valuation problems on the Witwatersrand. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 52(6):119–139

    Google Scholar 

  131. Matheron G (1963) Principles of geostatistics. Econ Geol 58(8):1246–1266. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.8.1246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Kulahci F (2016) Spatiotemporal (four-dimensional) modeling and simulation of uranium (238) in Hazar Lake (Turkey) water. Environ Earth Sci 75(6):452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5302-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Külahci F (2011) A risk analysis model for radioactive wastes. J Hazard Mater 191(1–3):349–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.083

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Külahcı F (2016) Proposals for risk assessment of major cations in surface water and deep sediment: iso-cation curves, probabilities of occurrence and non-occurrence of cations. Environ Earth Sci 75(11):980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5788-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Külahcı F (2016) Spatiotemporal (four-dimensional) modeling and simulation of uranium (238) in Hazar Lake (Turkey) water. Environ Earth Sci 75(6):452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5302-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Kulahci F, Sen Z (2014) On the correction of spatial and statistical uncertainties in systematic measurements of Rn-222 for earthquake prediction. Surv Geophys 35(2):449–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9273-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Külahci F, Sen Z (2010) Progresses in radioactive contamination researches. In: Radioactive contamination research developments. Nova Science Publishers Inc, Hauppauge, pp 1–42

  138. Külahci F, Şen Z (2007) Spatial dispersion modeling of 90Sr by point cumulative semivariogram at Keban Dam Lake, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isotop 65(9):1070–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.03.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Külahcı F, Şen Z (2009) Potential utilization of the absolute point cumulative semivariogram technique for the evaluation of distribution coefficient. J Hazard Mater 168(2–3):1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Külahcı F, Şen Z (2009) Spatio-temporal modeling of 210 Pb transportation in lake environments. J Hazard Mater 165(1):525–532

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Külahcı F, Şen Z, Kazanç S (2008) Cesium concentration spatial distribution modeling by point cumulative semivariogram. Water Air Soil Pollut 195(1–4):151–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9734-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Şen Z (1989) Cumulative semivariogram models of regionalized variables. Math Geol 21(8):891–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00894454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. Şen Z (1992) Standard cumulative semivariograms of stationary stochastic processes and regional correlation. Math Geol 24(4):417–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Şen Z (1998) Point cumulative semivariogram for identification of heterogeneities in regional seismicity of Turkey. Math Geol 30(7):767–787. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021704507596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Şen Z (2009) Spatial modeling principles in Earth sciences. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  146. Senior C, Blanc M (1984) On the control of magnetospheric convection by the spatial distribution of ionospheric conductivities. J Geophys Res 89(A1):261–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Tallaksen LM, Stahl K (2014) Spatial and temporal patterns of large-scale droughts in Europe: model dispersion and performance. Geophys Res Lett 41(2):2013GL058573. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Khan AA, Farid A, Akhter G, Munir K, Small J, Ahmad Z (2016) Geomorphology of the alluvial sediments and bedrock in an intermontane basin: application of variogram modeling to electrical resistivity soundings. Surv Geophys 37(3):579–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9364-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Külahci F, Şen Z (2014) On the correction of spatial and statistical uncertainties in systematic measurements of 222Rn for earthquake prediction. Surv Geophys 35(2):449–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9273-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. August JK (2011) Fukushima exposes the risks of LWRs. Nucl Eng Int 56(684):16

    Google Scholar 

  151. Brombacher A (2011) Fukushima; about risks, reliability and robust design. Qual Reliab Eng Int 27(4):389. https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.1219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Butler D (2011) Fukushima health risks scrutinized. Nature 472(7341):13–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/472013a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Calabrese E (2011) Improving the scientific foundations for estimating health risks from the Fukushima incident. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(49):19447–19448. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117296108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Lyman ES (2011) Surviving the one-two nuclear punch: assessing risk and policy in a post-Fukushima world. Bull Atom Sci 67(5):47–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340211421470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Tanaka HL, Nohara D, Yokoi M (2000) Numerical simulation of wind hole circulation and summertime ice formation at Ice Valley in Korea and Nakayama in Fukushima, Japan. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 78(5):611–630. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.78.5_611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Prants SV, Uleysky MY, Budyansky MV (2011) Numerical simulation of propagation of radioactive pollution in the ocean from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. Dokl Earth Sci 439(2):1179–1182. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x11080277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Takemura T, Nakamura H, Takigawa M, Kondo H, Satomura T, Miyasaka T, Nakajima T (2011) A numerical simulation of global transport of atmospheric particles emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Sola 7:101–104. https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2011-026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Behrens E, Schwarzkopf FU, Lubbecke JF, Boning CW (2012) Model simulations on the long-term dispersal of Cs-137 released into the Pacific Ocean off Fukushima. Environ Res Lett 7(3):10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Danielache SO, Yoshikawa C, Priyadarshi A, Takemura T, Ueno Y, Thiemens MH, Yoshidai N (2012) An estimation of the radioactive S-35 emitted into the atmospheric from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant by using a numerical simulation global transport. Geochem J 46(4):335–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Masumoto Y, Miyazawa Y, Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Kobayashi T, Kawamura H, Estournel C, Marsaleix P, Lanerolle L, Mehra A, Garraffos ZD (2012) Oceanic dispersion simulations of Cs-137 released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Elements 8(3):207–212. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.3.207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Miyazawa Y, Masumoto Y, Varlamov SM, Miyama T (2012) Transport simulation of the radionuclide from the shelf to open ocean around Fukushima. Cont Shelf Res 50–51:16–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Patil S, Chintamani S, Kumar R, Kumar R, Dennis BH, Asme (2016) Numerical analysis of transient temperature distribution in a partially cooled nuclear fuel rod. In: Proceedings of the ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, 2015, vol 8a

  163. Hong S, Bradshaw CJA, Brook BW (2013) Evaluating options for the future energy mix of Japan after the Fukushima nuclear crisis. Energy Policy 56:418–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. Poinssot C, Bourg S, Ouvrier N, Combernoux N, Rostaing C, Vargas-Gonzalez M, Bruno J (2014) Assessment of the environmental footprint of nuclear energy systems. Comparison between closed and open fuel cycles. Energy 69:199–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Rodriguez-Penalonga L, Soria BYM (2017) A review of the nuclear fuel cycle strategies and the spent nuclear fuel management technologies. Energies 10(8):1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Stamford L, Azapagic A (2014) Life cycle sustainability assessment of UK electricity scenarios to 2070. Energy Sustain Dev 23:194–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2014.09.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. Ilg P, Gabbert S, Weikard HP (2017) Nuclear waste management under approaching disaster: a comparison of decommissioning strategies for the German Repository Asse II. Risk Anal 37(7):1213–1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12648

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Tanoi K, Uchida K, Doi C, Nihei N, Hirose A, Kobayashi NI, Sugita R, Nobori T, Nakanishi TM, Kanno M, Wakabayashi I, Ogawa M, Tao Y (2016) Investigation of radiocesium distribution in organs of wild boar grown in Iitate, Fukushima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 307(1):741–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4233-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Ioannidou A, Manolopoulou EM, Stoulos S, Vagena E, Papastefanou C, Bonardi ML, Gini L, Manenti S, Groppi F (2014) Radionuclides from Fukushima accident in Thessaloniki, Greece (40A degrees N) and Milano, Italy (45A degrees). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 299(1):855–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2709-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Povinec PP, Sykora I, Gera M, Holy K, Brest’akova L, Kovacik A (2013) Fukushima-derived radionuclides in ground-level air of Central Europe: a comparison with simulated forward and backward trajectories. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 295(2):1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1943-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Lee SH, Heo DH, Kang HB, Oh PJ, Lee JM, Park TS, Lee KB, Oh JS, Suh JK (2013) Distribution of I-131, Cs-134, Cs-137 and Pu-239, Pu-240 concentrations in Korean rainwater after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296(2):727–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2030-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Thakur P, Ballard S, Nelson R (2012) Radioactive fallout in the United States due to the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. J Environ Monit 14(5):1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2em11011c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Chang Z, Moore WS, McCullough KD, Morenikeji S (2013) Detection and quantification of gaseous and particulate fukushima fission products at Orangeburg, South Carolina. Health Phys 105(1):49–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e31828a8f69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Kitto ME, Menia TA, Haines DK, Beach SE, Bradt CJ, Fielman EM, Syed UF, Semkow TM, Bari A, Khan AJ (2013) Airborne gamma-ray emitters from Fukushima detected in New York State. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296(1):49–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2043-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Tumey SJ, Guilderson TP, Brown TA, Broek T, Buesseler KO (2013) Input of I-129 into the western Pacific Ocean resulting from the Fukushima nuclear event. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296(2):957–962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2217-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Shrivastava R, Oza RB (2017) Estimation of scavenging coefficients for I-131 and Cs-137 over the Pacific Ocean following the Fukushima accident. Prog Nucl Energy 98:228–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.03.026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Chester A, Starosta K, Andreoiu C, Ashley R, Barton A, Brodovitch JC, Brown M, Domingo T, Janusson C, Kucera H, Myrtle K, Riddell D, Scheel K, Salomon A, Voss P (2013) Monitoring rainwater and seaweed reveals the presence of I-131 in southwest and central British Columbia, Canada following the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. J Environ Radioact 124:205–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.05.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Potiriadis C, Kolovou M, Clouvas A, Xanthos S (2012) Environmental radioactivity measurements in Greece following the Fukushima Daichi nuclear accident. Radiat Prot Dosimet 150(4):441–447. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Parache V, Pourcelot L, Roussel-Debet S, Orjollet D, Leblanc F, Soria C, Gurriaran R, Renaud P, Masson O (2011) Transfer of I-131 from Fukushima to the vegetation and milk in France. Environ Sci Technol 45(23):9998–10003. https://doi.org/10.1021/es202242g

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Perrot F, Hubert P, Marquet C, Pravikoff MS, Bourquin P, Chiron H, Guernion PY, Nachab A (2012) Evidence of I-131 and (CS)-C-134,137 activities in Bordeaux, France due to the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 114:61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Masson O, Ringer W, Mala H, Rulik P, Dlugosz-Lisiecka M, Eleftheriadis K, Meisenberg O, De Vismes-Ott A, Gensdarmes F (2013) Size distributions of airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident at several places in Europe. Environ Sci Technol 47(19):10995–11003. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401973c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Lopez-Perez M, Ramos-Lopez R, Perestelo NR, Duarte-Rodriguez X, Bustos JJ, Alonso-Perez S, Cuevas E, Hernandez-Armas J (2013) Arrival of radionuclides released by the Fukushima accident to Tenerife (Canary Islands). J Environ Radioact 116:180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.09.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Bihari A, Dezso Z, Bujtas T, Manga L, Lencses A, Dombovari P, Csige I, Ranga T, Mogyorosi M, Veres M (2014) Fission products from the damaged Fukushima reactor observed in Hungary. Isotop Environ Health Stud 50(1):94–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2013.828717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Masson O, Bieringer J, Brattich E, Dalheimer A, Estier S, Penev I, Ringer W, Schlosser C, Steinkopff T, Steinmann P, Tositti L, Van Beek P, de Vismes-Ott A (2016) Variation in airborne Cs-134, Cs-137, particulate I-131 and Be-7 maximum activities at high-altitude European locations after the arrival of Fukushima-labeled air masses. J Environ Radioact 162:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Beresford NA, Barnett CL, Howard BJ, Howard DC, Wells C, Tyler AN, Bradley S, Copplestone D (2012) Observations of Fukushima fallout in Great Britain. J Environ Radioact 114:48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Carvalho FP, Reis MC, Oliveira JM, Malta M, Silva L (2012) Radioactivity from Fukushima nuclear accident detected in Lisbon, Portugal. J Environ Radioact 114:152–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.03.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Cosma C, Iurian AR, Nita DC, Begy R, Cindea C (2012) Indicators of the Fukushima radioactive release in NW Romania. J Environ Radioact 114:94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Gudelis A, Druteikiene R, Lujaniene G, Maceika E, Plukis A, Remeikis V (2012) Radionuclides in the ground-level atmosphere in Vilnius, Lithuania, in March 2011, detected by gamma-ray spectrometry. J Environ Radioact 109:13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Huh CA, Hsu SC, Lin CY (2012) Fukushima-derived fission nuclides monitored around Taiwan: free tropospheric versus boundary layer transport. Earth Planet Sci Lett 319:9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Ioannidou A, Manenti S, Gini L, Groppi F (2012) Fukushima fallout at Milano, Italy. J Environ Radioact 114:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Long NQ, Truong Y, Hien PD, Binh NT, Sieu LN, Giap TV, Phan NT (2012) Atmospheric radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactor accident observed in Vietnam. J Environ Radioact 111:53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Matsui T (2011) Deciphering the measured ratios of iodine-131 to cesium-137 at the Fukushima reactors. Prog Theor Phys 126(6):1167–1176. https://doi.org/10.1143/ptp.126.1167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Kamada N, Saito O, Endo S, Kimura A, Shizuma K (2012) Radiation doses among residents living 37 km northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. J Environ Radioact 110:84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.02.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Landis JD, Hamm NT, Renshaw CE, Dade WB, Magilligan FJ, Gartner JD (2012) Surficial redistribution of fallout (131)iodine in a small temperate catchment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(11):4064–4069. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118665109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Yamauchi M (2012) Secondary wind transport of radioactive materials after the Fukushima accident. Earth Planets Space 64(1):E1–E4. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2012.01.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. MEXT JMoE, culture, sports, science and technology MEXT, Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. http://www.mext.go.jp/en/incident/title01/detail01/sdetail01/1373008.htm. Accessed 1 Jan 2019

  197. Kosaka K, Asami M, Kobashigawa N, Ohkubo K, Teracia H, Kishicla N, Akiba M (2012) Removal of radioactive iodine and cesium in water purification processes after an explosion at a nuclear power plant due to the Great East Japan Earthquake. Water Res 46(14):4397–4404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Higaki S, Hirota M (2012) Decontamination efficiencies of pot-type water purifiers for I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 in rainwater contaminated during Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster. PLoS ONE 7(5):4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Mallampati SR, Mitoma Y, Okuda T, Sakita S, Kakeda M (2012) High immobilization of soil cesium using ball milling with nano-metallic Ca/CaO/NaH2PO4: implications for the remediation of radioactive soils. Environ Chem Lett 10(2):201–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-012-0357-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Murakami M, Oki T (2012) Estimation of thyroid doses and health risks resulting from the intake of radioactive iodine in foods and drinking water by the citizens of Tokyo after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Chemosphere 87(11):1355–1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Tanaka K, Takahashi Y, Sakaguchi A, Umeo M, Hayakawa S, Tanida H, Saito T, Kanai Y (2012) Vertical profiles of iodine-131 and cesium-137 in soils in Fukushima prefecture related to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident. Geochem J 46(1):73–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Ohno T, Muramatsu Y, Miura Y, Oda K, Inagawa N, Ogawa H, Yamazaki A, Toyama C, Sato M (2012) Depth profiles of radioactive cesium and iodine released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in different agricultural fields and forests. Geochem J 46(4):287–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Honda M, Matsuzaki H, Miyake Y, Maejima Y, Yamagata T, Nagai H (2015) Depth profile and mobility of I-129 and Cs-137 in soil originating from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 146:35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Imanaka T, Hayashi G, Endo S (2015) Comparison of the accident process, radioactivity release and ground contamination between Chernobyl and Fukushima-1. J Radiat Res 56:I56–I61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrv074

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  205. Matsunaka T, Sasa K, Sueki K, Takahashi T, Matsumura M, Satou Y, Kitagawa J, Kinoshita N, Matsuzaki H (2015) Post-accident response of near-surface I-129 levels and I-129/I-127 ratios in areas close to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, Japan. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B Beam Interact Mater Atoms 361:569–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.03.056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Matsunaka T, Sasa K, Sueki K, Takahashi T, Satou Y, Matsumura M, Kinoshita N, Kitagawa JI, Matsuzaki H (2016) Pre- and post-accident I-129 and Cs-137 levels, and I-129/Cs-137 ratios in soil near the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, Japan. J Environ Radioact 151:209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  207. Honda M, Matsuzaki H, Nagai H, Sueki K (2017) Depth profiles and mobility of I-129 originating from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant disaster under different land uses. Appl Geochem 85:169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Miyake Y, Matsuzaki H, Fujiwara T, Saito T, Yamagata T, Honda M, Muramatsu Y (2012) Isotopic ratio of radioactive iodine (I-129/I-131) released from Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. Geochem J 46(4):327–333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Fujiwara H (2016) Observation of radioactive iodine (I-131, I-129) in cropland soil after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci Total Environ 566:1432–1439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Daraoui A, Riebe B, Walther C, Wershofen H, Schlosser C, Vockenhuber C, Synal HA (2016) Concentrations of iodine isotopes (I-129 and I-127) and their isotopic ratios in aerosol samples from Northern Germany. J Environ Radioact 154:101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Yoshida N, Takahashi Y (2012) Land-surface contamination by radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Elements 8(3):201–206. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.3.201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Park SU, Lee IH, Ju JW, Joo SJ (2016) Estimation of radionuclide (137Cs) emission rates from a nuclear power plant accident using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). J Environ Radioact 162–163:258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Liu Y, Haussaire JM, Bocquet M, Roustan Y, Saunier O, Mathieu A (2017) Uncertainty quantification of pollutant source retrieval: comparison of Bayesian methods with application to the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidental releases of radionuclides. Q J R Meteorol Soc 143(708):2886–2901. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. Woo TH (2013) Atmospheric modeling of radioactive material dispersion and health risk in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants accident. Ann Nucl Energy 53:197–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2012.09.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Guan Y, Shen SF, Huang H (2015) The numerical simulation of caesium-137 transportation in ocean and the assessment of its radioactive impacts after Fukushima NPP release. Sci China-Earth Sci 58(6):996–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-5032-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Rafindadi AA, Ozturk I (2016) Effects of financial development, economic growth and trade on electricity consumption: evidence from post-Fukushima Japan. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 54:1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  217. Schoppner M, Plastino W, Povinec PP, Wotawa G, Bella F, Budano A, De Vincenzi M, Ruggieri F (2012) Estimation of the time-dependent radioactive source-term from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident using atmospheric transport modelling. J Environ Radioact 114:10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Rulik P, Hyza M, Beckova V, Borecky Z, Havranek J, Holgye Z, Lusnak J, Mala H, Matzner J, Pilatova H, Rada J, Schlesingerova E, Sindelkova E, Dragounova L, Vlcek J (2015) Monitoring radionuclides in the atmosphere over the Czech Republic after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Radiat Prot Dosimet 163(2):226–232. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Saunier O, Mathieu A, Didier D, Tombette M, Quélo D, Winiarek V, Bocquet M (2012) Using gamma dose rate monitoring with inverse modeling techniques to estimate the atmospheric release of a nuclear power plant accident: application to the Fukushima case. In: Proc. Int. international meeting on severe accident assessment and management: lessons learned from Fukushima Dai-ichi, San Diego, California, pp 422–429  

  220. Winiarek V, Bocquet M, Saunier O, Mathieu A (2012) Estimation of errors in the inverse modeling of accidental release of atmospheric pollutant: application to the reconstruction of the cesium-137 and iodine-131 source terms from the Fukushima Daiichi power plant (vol 117, D18118, 2012). J Geophys Res-Atmos 117:2. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Leelossy A, Lagzi I, Kovacs A, Meszaros R (2018) A review of numerical models to predict the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides. J Environ Radioact 182:20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Wang J, Brown DG, Hammerling D (2013) Geostatistical inverse modeling for super-resolution mapping of continuous spatial processes. Remote Sens Environ 139:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  223. Sharma LK, Ghosh AK, Nair RN, Chopra M, Sunny F, Puranik VD (2014) Inverse modeling for aquatic source and transport parameters identification and its application to Fukushima nuclear accident. Environ Model Assess 19(3):193–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-013-9391-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. Babukhina TI, Gan’shin AV, Zhuravlev RV, Luk’yanov AN, Maksyutov SS (2016) Estimating by inverse modeling the release of radioactive substances (133Xe, 131I, and 137Cs) into the atmosphere from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Russ Meteorol Hydrol 41(5):335–343. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373916050046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  225. Göckede M, Michalak AM, Vickers D, Turner DP, Law BE (2010) Atmospheric inverse modeling to constrain regional-scale CO2 budgets at high spatial and temporal resolution. J Geophys Res Atmos 115(D15):D15113. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Estournel C, Bosc E, Bocquet M, Ulses C, Marsaleix P, Winiarek V, Osvath I, Nguyen C, Duhaut T, Lyard F, Michaud H, Auclair F (2012) Assessment of the amount of cesium-137 released into the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima accident and analysis of its dispersion in Japanese coastal waters. J Geophys Res: Oceans. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc007933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. Lamego Simões Filho FF, Duarte Soares A, Da Silva Aguiar A, Franklin Lapa CM, Ferreira Guimarães AC (2013) Advanced nuclear reactors and tritium impacts. Modeling the aquatic pathway. Prog Nucl Energy 69:9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.02.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Yumimoto K, Morino Y, Ohara T, Oura Y, Ebihara M, Tsuruta H, Nakajima T (2016) Inverse modeling of the 137Cs source term of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident constrained by a deposition map monitored by aircraft. J Environ Radioact 164:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Leelőssy Á, Lagzi I, Kovács A, Mészáros R (2018) A review of numerical models to predict the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides. J Environ Radioact 182:20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Zhang X, Raskob W, Landman C, Trybushnyi D, Haller C, Yuan H (2017) Automatic plume episode identification and cloud shine reconstruction method for ambient gamma dose rates during nuclear accidents. J Environ Radioact 178–179:36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. Krysta M, Bocquet M (2007) Source reconstruction of an accidental radionuclide release at European scale. Q J R Meteorol Soc 133(623):529–544. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. Zhang ZJ, Ninomiya K, Takahashi N, Shinohara A (2015) Daily variation of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 activity concentrations in the atmosphere in Osaka during the early phase after the FDNPP accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(2):1527–1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3752-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Terasaka Y, Yamazawa H, Hirouchi J, Hirao S, Sugiura H, Moriizumi J, Kuwahara Y (2016) Air concentration estimation of radionuclides discharged from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station using NaI(Tl) detector pulse height distribution measured in Ibaraki Prefecture. J Nucl Sci Tech 53(12):1919–1932. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2016.1193453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Wengle H, van den Bosch B, Seinfeld JH (1978) Solution of atmospheric diffusion problems by pseudo-spectral and orthogonal collocation methods. Atmos Environ A Gen Top 12(5):1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(78)90347-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  235. Brandhoff PN, van Bourgondien MJ, Onstenk CGM, van Avezathe AV, Peters RJB (2016) Operation and performance of a national monitoring network for radioactivity in food. Food Control 64:87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Marzo GA (2014) Atmospheric transport and deposition of radionuclides released after the Fukushima Dai-chi accident and resulting effective dose. Atmos Environ 94:709–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Evangeliou N, Balkanski Y, Cozic A, Møller AP (2014) Global and local cancer risks after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident as seen from Chernobyl: a modeling study for radiocaesium (134Cs & 137Cs). Environ Int 64:17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Evangeliou N, Balkanski Y, Cozic A, Møller AP (2014) How “lucky” we are that the Fukushima disaster occurred in early spring. Predictions on the contamination levels from various fission products released from the accident and updates on the risk assessment for solid and thyroid cancers. Sci Total Environ 500–501:155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  239. Kurihara O, Kim E, Kunishima N, Tani K, Ishikawa T, Furuyama K, Hashimoto S, Akashi M (2017) Development of a tool for calculating early internal doses in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident based on atmospheric dispersion simulation. In: Malvagi F, Malouch F, Diop CMB, Miss J, Trama JC (eds) Icrs-13 & Rpsd-2016, 13th International conference on radiation shielding & 19th Topical meeting of the radiation protection and shielding division of the American Nuclear Society—2016, vol 153. EPJ Web of Conferences. E D P Sciences, Cedex A. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715308008

  240. Evangeliou N, Hamburger T, Cozic A, Balkanski Y, Stohl A (2017) Inverse modeling of the Chernobyl source term using atmospheric concentration and deposition measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 17(14):8805–8824. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8805-2017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Ashraf MA, Akib S, Maah MJ, Yusoff I, Balkhair KS (2014) Cesium-137: radio-chemistry, fate, and transport, remediation, and future concerns. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 44(15):1740–1793. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.790753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Amano H, Akiyama M, Bi CL, Kawamura T, Kishimoto T, Kuroda T, Muroi T, Odaira T, Ohta Y, Takeda K, Watanabe Y, Morimoto T (2012) Radiation measurements in the Chiba Metropolitan Area and radiological aspects of fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants accident. J Environ Radioact 111:42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.10.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Kojima S (2014) effect of ionizing radiation on the living body. Yakugaku Zasshi-J Pharm Soc Jpn 134(2):155–161. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00227-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Murakami M, Oki T (2014) Estimated dietary intake of radionuclides and health risks for the citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 nuclear accident. PLoS ONE 9(11):12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Watanobe H, Furutani T, Nihei M, Sakuma Y, Yanai R, Takahashi M, Sato H, Sagawa F (2014) The thyroid status of children and adolescents in Fukushima prefecture examined during 20–30 months after the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster: a cross-sectional, observational study. PLoS ONE 9(12):19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Wemeau JL (2015) Thyroid and ionizing radiation. Corresp M H D N 19(8):218–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Reiners C, Schneider R, Akashi M, Akl EA, Jourdain JR, Li C, Murith C, Van Bladel L, Yamashita S, Zeeb H, Vitti P, Carr Z (2016) The first meeting of the WHO guideline development group for the revision of the WHO 1999 guidelines for iodine thyroid blocking. Radiat Prot Dosimet 171(1):47–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncw238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  248. El Samad O, Baydoun R, Aoun M, Zaidan W, El Jeaid H (2017) Public exposure to radioactivity levels in the Lebanese environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(2):2010–2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7911-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Steinhauser G, Chavez-Ortega M, Vahlbruch JW (2017) Japanese food data challenge the claimed link between Fukushima’s releases and recently observed thyroid cancer increase in Japan. Sci Rep 7:7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10584-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Yasui S (2017) Tertiary evaluation of the committed effective dose of emergency workers that responded to the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. J Occup Environ Hyg 14(6):D69–D79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2017.1285487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  251. Tani K, Kurihara O, Kim E, Yoshida S, Sakai K, Akashi M (2015) Implementation of iodine biokinetic model for interpreting I-131 contamination in breast milk after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Sci Rep 5:9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. Hosoda M, Tokonami S, Akiba S, Kurihara O, Sorimachi A, Ishikawa T, Momose T, Nakano T, Mariya Y, Kashiwakura I (2013) Estimation of internal exposure of the thyroid to I-131 on the basis of Cs-134 accumulated in the body among evacuees of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Environ Int 61:73–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  253. Kim E, Kurihara O, Tani K, Ohmachi Y, Fukutsu K, Sakai K, Akashi M (2016) Intake ratio of I-131 to Cs-137 derived from thyroid and whole-body doses to Fukushima residents. Radiat Prot Dosimet 168(3):408–418. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Steinhauser G, Merz S, Kubber-Heiss A, Katzlberger C (2012) Using animal thyroids as ultra-sensitive biomonitors for environmental radioiodine. Environ Sci Technol 46(23):12890–12894. https://doi.org/10.1021/es303280g

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  255. Mori T, Akamatsu M, Okamoto K, Sumita M, Tateyama Y, Sakai H, Hill JP, Abe M, Ariga K (2013) Micrometer-level naked-eye detection of caesium particulates in the solid state. Sci Technol Adv Mater 14(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/14/1/015002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Kurihara O, Nakagawa T, Takada C, Tani K, Kim E, Momose T (2016) Internal doses of three persons staying 110 km south of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power station during the arrivalof radioactive plumes based on direct measurements. Radiat Prot Dosimet 170(1–4):420–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncw002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Nagataki S, Takamura N, Kamiya K, Akashi M (2013) Measurements of individual radiation doses in residents living around the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Radiat Res 180(5):439–447. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr13351.1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  258. Matsuzaki H, Nakano C, Tsuchiya YS, Ito S, Morita A, Kusuno H, Miyake Y, Honda M, Bautista AT, Kawamoto M, Tokuyama H (2015) The status of the AMS system at MALT in its 20th year. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B Beam Interact Mater Atoms 361:63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.05.032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Torii T, Sugita T, Okada CE, Reed MS, Blumenthal DJ (2013) Enhanced analysis methods to derive the spatial distribution of i-131 deposition on the ground by airborne surveys at an early stage after the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Health Phys 105(2):192–200. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e318294444e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  260. Harvey TF, Shapiro CS, Wittler RF (1992) Fallout risk following a major nuclear attack on the United-States. Health Phys 62(1):16–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199201000-00003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  261. Hohryakov VF, Syslova CG, Skryabin AM (1994) Plutonium and the risk of cancer—a comparative-analysis of pu-body burdens due to releases from nuclear-plants (chelyabinsk-65, gomel area) and global fallout. Sci Total Environ 142(1–2):101–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90077-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  262. Krivoruchko K (1997) Geostatistical picturing of Chernobyl fallout and estimation of cancer risk among Belarus population. In: Geographical information ‘97: from research to application through cooperation, vols 1 and 2. IOS Press, Amsterdam

  263. Macready N (1997) Nuclear test fallout linked to cancer risk. Br Med J 315(7104):329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Nishimura R, Morisawa S, Shimada Y (1998) Evaluation of the Japanese health risks induced by global fallout tritium. Health Phys 75(3):259–268. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199809000-00004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  265. Shimada Y, Morisawa S (1998) Uncertainty analysis in estimating Japanese ingestion of global fallout Cs-137 using health risk evaluation model. J At Energy Soc Jpn 40(9):713–722. https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.40.713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Shimada Y, Morisawa S, Yoneda M, Inoue Y (1998) A dosimetric determination of Cs-137 ingestion from global fallout and the related risks to Japanese. Health Phys 74(3):316–329. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199803000-00004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  267. Morisawa S, Kitou M, Shimada Y, Yoneda M (2000) Evaluation of fallout strontium-90 accumulation in bone and cancer mortality risk in Japanese. J At Energy Soc Jpn 42(9):951–959. https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.42.951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Catelinois O, Laurier D, Verger P, Rogel A, Colonna M, Ignasiak M, Hemon D, Tirmarche M (2005) Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in assessment of the thyroid cancer risk related to Chernobyl fallout in Eastern France. Risk Anal 25(2):243–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00586.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  269. Simon SL, Bouville A, Land CE (2006) Fallout from nuclear weapons tests and cancer risks—exposures 50 years ago still have health implications today that will continue into the future. Am Sci 94(1):48–57. https://doi.org/10.1511/2006.57.982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  270. Land CE, Bouville A, Apostoaei I, Simon SL (2010) Projected lifetime cancer risks from exposure to regional radioactive fallout in the marshall islands. Health Phys 99(2):201–215. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc4e84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  271. Simon SL, Bouville A, Land CE, Beck HL (2010) Radiation doses and cancer risks in the Marshall Islands associated with exposure to radioactive fallout from bikini and enewetak nuclear weapons tests: summary. Health Phys 99(2):105–123. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc523c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  272. Hazama R, Matsushima A (2013) Measurement of fallout with rain in Hiroshima and several sites in Japan from the Fukushima reactor accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 297(3):469–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2417-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Biass S, Scaini C, Bonadonna C, Folch A, Smith K, Hoskuldsson A (2014) A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes—part 1: hazard assessment. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14(8):2265–2287. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2265-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  274. Scaini C, Biass S, Galderisi A, Bonadonna C, Folch A, Smith K, Hoskuldsson A (2014) A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes—part 2: vulnerability and impact. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14(8):2289–2312. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2289-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  275. Cahoon EK, Nadyrov EA, Polyanskaya ON, Yauseyenka VV, Veyalkin IV, Yeudachkova TI, Maskvicheva TI, Minenko VF, Liu W, Drozdovitch V, Mabuchi K, Little MP, Zablotska LB, McConnell RJ, Hatch M, Peters KO, Rozhko AV, Brenner AV (2017) Risk of thyroid nodules in residents of Belarus exposed to chernobyl fallout as children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(7):2207–2217. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3842

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  276. Wakeford R (2014) The risk of leukaemia in young children from exposure to tritium and carbon-14 in the discharges of German nuclear power stations and in the fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Radiat Environ Biophys 53(2):365–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-014-0516-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  277. Okuma, Japan 1 WHO: Fukushima caused minimal cancer risk (2013). Science 339(6124):1130–1130

  278. Global report on Fukushima nuclear accident details health risks (2013). Wkly Epidemiol Rec 88(10):115–116

  279. Risk-communication practice with the public after the fukushima power plant accident; The support and consultation for the proper recognition about radiation and health: Japan atomic energy risk communication study office (2012). Atomosphere 54 (8):543-548

  280. Cho TJ, Kim NH, Hong YJ, Park B, Kim HS, Lee HG, Song MK, Rhee MS (2017) Development of an effective tool for risk communication about food safety issues after the Fukushima nuclear accident: what should be considered? Food Control 79:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  281. Ochiai S, Yamamoto M, Nagao S, Itono T, Kashiwaya K (2015) Sediment transport processes in a reservoir-catchment system inferred from sediment trap observations and fallout radionuclides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(2):1497–1501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3577-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Oikawa S, Watabe T, Takata H, Misonoo J, Kusakabe M (2015) Plutonium isotopes and Am-241 in surface sediments off the coast of the Japanese islands before and soon after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(2):1513–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3530-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Aliyu AS, Ramli AT, Garba NN, Saleh MA, Gabdo HT, Liman MS (2015) Fukushima nuclear accident: preliminary assessment of the risks to non-human biota. Radiat Prot Dosimet 163(2):238–250. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Barabashev S, Skalozubov V (2012) Radiation impact from the Fukushima-1 accident on the environment and public and assessment of radiological risks from beyond design basis accidents at WWER-1000 NPPs based on Fukushima-1 accident consequences. Nucl Radiat Saf 1(53):10–15

    Google Scholar 

  285. Belyakov A (2015) From Chernobyl to Fukushima: an interdisciplinary framework for managing and communicating food security risks after nuclear plant accidents. J Environ Stud Sci 5(3):404–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-015-0284-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  286. Chi M, Shi LP (2011) Risk communication system: case studies of Fukushima accident, pp 466–473. https://doi.org/10.1109/iscram.2011.6184042

  287. Isnard O, Chabanis O, Dubiau P (2012) Local response to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident at Tokyo: technical support to the french embassy and risk communication to the French community living in Japan, pp 400–403

  288. Hagmann J (2012) Fukushima: probing the analytical and epistemological limits of risk analysis. J Risk Res 15(7):801–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2012.657223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  289. Kaiser JC (2012) Empirical risk analysis of severe reactor accidents in nuclear power plants after Fukushima. Sci Technol Nucl Install 1:1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/384987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  290. Kinoshita T (2011) The disaster by the Fukushima nuclear power plants and the risk science. Atomos 53(7):465–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  291. Yamashita S (2011) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident and radiation health risk. Atmosphere 53(10):678–683

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Fujinaga A, Yoneda M, Ikegami M (2013) Risk assessment of the intake of foods and soil with the radionuclides and the air radiation dose after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York. https://doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15862

    Book  Google Scholar 

  293. Fujinaga A, Yoneda M, Ikegami M (2014) Risk assessment of the intake of foods and soil with the radionuclides and the air radiation dose after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. J Eng Gas Turbines Power-Trans ASME 136(8):7. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Fujinaga A, Yoneda M, Ikegami M, Asme (2014) Risk assessment of the intake of foods and soil with the radionuclides and the air radiation dose after the fukushima nuclear disaster. In: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on nuclear engineering—2013, vol 1. American Society Mechanical Engineers, New York

  295. Yu W, He JH, Lin WH, Li YL, Men W, Wang FF, Huang J (2015) Distribution and risk assessment of radionuclides released by Fukushima nuclear accident at the northwest Pacific. J Environ Radioact 142:54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  296. Otaki JM (2016) Fukushima’s lessons from the blue butterfly: a risk assessment of the human living environment in the post-Fukushima era. Integr Environ Assess Manag 12(4):667–672. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1828

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  297. Sy MM, Gonze MA, Métivier JM, Nicoulaud-Gouin V, Simon-Cornu M (2016) Uncertainty analysis in post-accidental risk assessment models: an application to the Fukushima accident. Ann Nucl Energy 93:94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2015.12.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Yamaguchi A (2017) Perspective of risk assessment and management after 5 years of Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. International Association for Probablistic Safety Assessment and Management (IAPSAM)

  299. Yamaguchi A, Jang S, Hida K, Yamanaka Y, Narumiya Y (2017) Risk assessment strategy for decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. Nucl Eng Technol 49(2):442–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2017.02.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Vano E, Ohno K, Cousins C, Niwa O, Boice J (2011) Radiation risks and radiation protection training for healthcare professionals: iCRP and the Fukushima experience. J Radiol Prot 31(3):285–287. https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/31/3/e03

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  301. Sasakawa Y, Kiikuni K, Kikuchi S, Niwa O, Yamashita S, Heymann DL, Mettler FA, Akashi M, Boice JD, Bouville A, Bromet EJ, Chumak V, Clement CH, Coleman CN, Cooper JR, Davis S, van Deventer TE, Gonzalez AJ, Gusev I, Homma T, Ivanov V, Kai M, Kamiya K, Kodama K, Lee J, Lochard J, Mabuchi K, Maekawa K, Menzel HG, Napier B, Okubo T, Sakai K, Schneider AB, Shima A, Takenoshita S, Thomas GA, Tronko MD, Wakeford R, Walker T, Weiss W, Wondergem J, Yonekura Y, Zeeb H, Int Expert Symposium F (2011) Conclusions and recommendations of the International Expert Symposium in Fukushima: radiation and health risks. J Radiol Prot 31(4):381–384. https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/31/4/e02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  302. Suzuki T (2011) Deconstructing the zero-risk mindset: the lessons and future responsibilities for a post-Fukushima nuclear Japan. Bull At Sci 67(5):9–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340211421477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. Clement C, Niwa O, Van Deventer E (2012) International expert symposium in Fukushima: radiation and health risks. J Radiol Prot 32(1):E9–E10. https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/32/1/e05

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  304. Cranga M, Chevalier-Jabet K, Marchetto C, Mun C (2012) Evaluations of MCCI risks for the Fukushima events; related IRSN R&D strategy on corium retention and coolability, pp 282–289

  305. Hasegawa K (2012) Facing nuclear risks: lessons from the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. Int J Jpn Sociol 21(1):84–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2012.01164.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  306. Matsumoto K, Sakuma A, Ueda I, Nagao A, Takahashi Y (2016) Psychological trauma after the Great East Japan earthquake. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 70(8):318–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12403

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  307. Ng KH, Lean ML (2012) The Fukushima nuclear crisis reemphasizes the need for improved risk communication and better use of social media. Health Phys 103(3):307–310. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e318257cfcb

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  308. Suzuki Y, Yabe H, Yasumura S, Ohira T, Niwa SI, Ohtsuru A, Mashiko H, Maeda M, Abe M, Mental Hlth Grp Fukushima Hlth M (2015) Psychological distress and the perception of radiation risks: the Fukushima health management survey. Bull World Health Organ 93(9):598–605. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.14.146498

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  309. Han SJ (2017) Global risks and cosmopolitan citizens in east Asia: a look at the Fukushima disaster and nuclear power plant. Dev Soc 46(2):195–225. https://doi.org/10.21588/dns/2017.46.2.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. Juraku K (2016) Deficits of Japanese nuclear risk governance remaining after the fukushima accident: case of contaminated water management. In: Earthquakes, tsunamis and nuclear risks: prediction and assessment beyond the Fukushima accident. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55822-4_12

  311. Ronde P, Hussler C (2012) Living in the vicinity of nuclear power stations: A specific perception and acceptance of related risks? CyberGeo 2012. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.25581

  312. Lynas M (2012) Radiation and risk: fears, phobia and Fukushima. World Nuclear Association, pp 126–138

  313. Groen RS, Bae JY, Lim KJ (2012) Fear of the unknown: ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206(6):456–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  314. Higashi T, Kudo T, Kinuya S (2012) Radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer in Japan: current issues with historical review and future perspective. Ann Nucl Med 26(2):99–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-011-0553-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  315. Gulland A (2013) Global cancer risk from Fukushima is low, says WHO. BMJ-Br Med J 346:1. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f1390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  316. Hiranuma Y (2016) Misrepresented risk of thyroid cancer in Fukushima. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4(12):970. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30322-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  317. Murakami M, Tsubokura M, Ono K, Nomura S, Oikawa T (2017) Additional risk of diabetes exceeds the increased risk of cancer caused by radiation exposure after the Fukushima disaster. PLoS ONE 12(9):14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Shimura H, Ohana N (2013) Current situation and the role of department of clinical laboratory medicine on the Fukushima Health Management Survey Project for risk of thyroid cancer. Rinsho Byori 61(12):1166–1171

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  319. Takamura N, Orita M, Saenko V, Yamashita S, Nagataki S, Demidchik Y (2016) Radiation and risk of thyroid cancer: Fukushima and chernobyl (vol 4, p 647. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4(10):E10–E10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30197-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  320. Tanooka H (2015) Dose rate problems in extrapolation of hiroshima-nagasaki atomic bomb data to estimation of cancer risk of elevated environmental radiation in Fukushima. In: Fukushima nuclear accident: global implications, long-term health effects and ecological consequences. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp 101–113

  321. Walsh L, Zhang W, Shore RE, Auvinen A, Laurier D, Wakeford R, Jacob P, Gent N, Anspaugh LR, Schuz J, Kesminiene A, van Deventer E, Tritscher A, Perez MDR (2014) A framework for estimating radiation-related cancer risks in Japan from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. Radiat Res 182(5):556–572. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr13779.1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  322. Yamashita S, Suzuki S (2013) Risk of thyroid cancer after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Respir Invest 51(3):128–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2013.05.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  323. Yamashita S, Takamura N, Ohtsuru A, Suzuki S (2016) Radiation exposure and thyroid cancer risk after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in comparison with the chernobyl accident. Radiat Prot Dosimet 171(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncw189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Holliger P, Blanc PL (1996) Natural fission reactors in the Franceville basin, Gabon: a review of the conditions and results of a “critical event” in a geologic system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60(23):4831–4852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00245-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Hidaka A, Ishikawa J (2014) Quantities of I-131 and Cs-137 in accumulated water in the basements of reactor buildings in process of core cooling at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants accident and its influence on late phase source terms. J Nucl Sci Technol 51(4):413–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2014.881725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Kaiser JC (2014) Empirical risk analysis of severe reactor accidents in nuclear power plants after Fukushima (vol 2012, 384987, 2012). Sci Technol Nucl Install. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/469890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  327. Kataoka I (2013) Review of thermal-hydraulic researches in severe accidents in light water reactors. J Nucl Sci Technol 50(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2013.750797

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Kato H, Onda Y, Gomi T (2012) Interception of the Fukushima reactor accident-derived137Cs, 134Cs and 131I by coniferous forest canopies. Geophys Res Lett 39(20):L20403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Liu ZT, Fan JH (2014) Technology readiness assessment of small modular reactor (SMR) designs. Prog Nucl Energy 70:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.07.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  330. Nagakawa Y, Sotodate T, Kinjo Y, Suzuki T (2015) One-year time variations of anthropogenic radionuclides in aerosols in Tokyo after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant reactor failures. J Nucl Sci Technol 52(6):784–791. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2014.985279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Nagataki S, Takamura N (2014) A review of the Fukushima nuclear reactor accident: radiation effects on the thyroid and strategies for prevention. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 21(5):384–393. https://doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000098

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  332. Park KH, Kang TW, Kim WJ, Park JW (2013) Cs-134 and Cs-137 radioactivity in soil and moss samples of Jeju Island after Fukushima nuclear reactor accident. Appl Radiat Isotop 81:379–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Ritchie LT, Brown WD, Wayland JR (1980) Impact of rainstorm and runoff modeling on predicted consequences of atmospheric releases from nuclear reactor accidents (No. NUREG/CR--1244) Sandia Labs

  334. Takeya Y, Miwa S, Hibiki T, Mori M (2015) Application of steam injector to improved safety of light water reactors. Prog Nucl Energy 78:80–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.07.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  335. Wang W (2013) Risk reporting in the Chinese news media in response to radiation threat from the Fukushima nuclear reactor crisis. https://doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96360

  336. Wang W, ASME (2013) Risk reporting in the chinese news media in response to radiation threat from the Fukushima nuclear reactor crisis. In: ASME 2013 15th international conference on environmental remediation and radioactive waste management, vol 2: Facility Decontamination and Decommissioning; Environmental Remediation; Environmental Management/Public Involvement/Crosscutting Issues/Global Partnering. American Society Mechanical Engineers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96360

  337. Wang Y, Ma JE, Fang YT (2016) Generation III pressurized water reactors and China’s nuclear power. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 17(11):911–922. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1600035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Wendel CCS, Lind OC, Fifield LK, Tims SG, Salbu B, Oughton DH (2017) No Fukushima Dai-ichi derived plutonium signal in marine sediments collected 1.5–57 km from the reactors. Appl Radiat Isotop 129:180–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.08.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Xing J, Song DY, Wu YX (2016) HPR1000: advanced pressurized water reactor with active and passive safety. Engineering 2(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2016.01.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Yadav MK, Khandekar S, Sharma PK (2016) An integrated approach to steam condensation studies inside reactor containments: a review. Nucl Eng Des 300:181–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.01.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Eddy C, Sase E (2015) Implications of the Fukushima nuclear disaster: man-made hazards, vulnerability factors, and risk to environmental health. J Environ Health 78(1):26–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  342. Goto A, Rudd RE, Lai AY, Yoshida K, Suzuki Y, Halstead DD, Yoshida-Komiya H, Reich MR (2014) Leveraging public health nurses for disaster risk communication in Fukushima City: a qualitative analysis of nurses’ written records of parenting counseling and peer discussions. BMC Health Serv Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-129

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  343. Ho JC, Lee CTP, Kao SF, Chen RY, Ieong MCF, Chang HL, Hsieh WH, Tzeng CC, Lu CF, Lin SL, Chang PW (2014) Perceived environmental and health risks of nuclear energy in Taiwan after Fukushima nuclear disaster. Environ Int 73:295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  344. Inamasu T (2013) Fukushima radiation health risk management. Nucl Plant J 31(4):42–45

    Google Scholar 

  345. Inamasu T, Schonfeld SJ, Abe M, Bidstrup PE, Deltour I, Ishida T, Ishikawa T, Kesminiene A, Ohira T, Ohto H, Suzuki S, Thierry-Chef I, Yabe H, Yasumura S, Schuz J, Yamashita S (2015) Meeting report: suggestions for studies on future health risks following the Fukushima accident. Environ Health 14:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0013-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Maeno R, Pearse W, Sendall MC (2014) The Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster and perceptions of health risk communication: a case study. J Health Saf Environ 30(1):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  347. Matsuda N, Morita N, Miura M (2014) Assessment and control of health risk caused by the radiological accident at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Yakugaku Zasshi 134(2):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00227-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  348. Miura I, Nagai M, Maeda M, Harigane M, Fujii S, Oe M, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Takahashi H, Ohira T, Yasumura S, Abe M (2017) Perception of radiation risk as a predictor of mid-term mental health after a nuclear disaster: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Int J Env Res Public Health 14(9):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  349. Morioka R (2014) Gender difference in the health risk perception of radiation from Fukushima in Japan: the role of hegemonic masculinity. Soc Sci Med 107:105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  350. Murakami M, Oki T (2015) Estimated dietary intake of radionuclides and health risks for the citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 nuclear accident (vol 9, e112791, 2014). PLoS ONE 10(8):3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Ohira T, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Satoh H, Suzuki H, Sakai A, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Takahashi A, Ozasa K, Kobashi G, Hashimoto S, Kamiya K, Yamashita S, Abe M, Fukushima Hlth Management Survey G (2016) Evacuation and risk of hypertension after the Great East Japan Earthquake: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Hypertension 68(3):558–564. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  352. Ohira T, Nakano H, Nagai M, Yumiya Y, Zhang W, Uemura M, Sakai A, Hashimoto S (2017) Changes in cardiovascular risk factors after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a review of the comprehensive health check in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Asia-Pac J Public Health 29(2 suppl):47S–55S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539517695436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  353. Okamoto T (2012) The front line management of health risks from Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 113(3):308

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  354. Orita M, Hayashida N, Nakayama Y, Shinkawa T, Urata H, Fukushima Y, Endo Y, Yamashita S, Takamura N (2015) Bipolarization of risk perception about the health effects of radiation in residents after the accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant. PLoS ONE 10(6):9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Satoh H, Ohira T, Nagai M, Hosoya M, Sakai A, Yasumura S, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Suzuki H, Takahashi A, Sugiura Y, Shishido H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi H, Kobashi G, Ozasa K, Hashimoto S, Ohto H, Abe M, Kamiya K (2017) Evacuation is a risk factor for diabetes development among evacuees of the Great East Japan earthquake: a 4-year follow-up of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Diabetes Metab 1:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.09.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  356. Shimura T, Yamaguchi I, Terada H, Robert Svendsen E, Kunugita N (2014) Public health activities for mitigation of radiation exposures and risk communication challenges after the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radiat Res 56(3):422–429. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrv013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Suzuki K, Yamashita S (2015) Perspective: health-risk implications of the fukushima nuclear power plant accident. In: Fukushima nuclear accident: global implications, long-term health effects and ecological consequences. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, pp 1–25

  358. Takada J (2013) Low dose radiation and no health risk in Fukushima in contrast to Chernobyl. Genes Environ 35(3):69–72. https://doi.org/10.3123/jemsge.2013.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  359. Vyncke B, Perko T, Van Gorp B (2017) Information sources as explanatory variables for the Belgian health-related risk perception of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Risk Anal 37(3):570–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12618

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  360. Yamashita S (2012) Lessons learnt from chernobyl and health risk management after Fukushima nuclear disaster. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 113(3):309–313

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  361. Yamashita S (2014) Tenth warren k. sinclair keynote address-the fukushima nuclear power plant accident and comprehensive health risk management. Health Phys 106(2):166–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000000007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  362. Yamashita S (2014) Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and comprehensive health risk management—global radiocontamination and information disaster. Trop Med Health 42(2):93–107. https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-S14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  363. Yamashita S, Radiation Med Sci Ctr Fukushima H (2016) Comprehensive health risk management after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Clin Oncol 28(4):255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2016.01.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Murakami M, Tsubokura M (2017) Evaluating risk communication after the Fukushima disaster based on nudge theory. Asia Pac J Public Health 29:193S–200S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539517691338

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  365. Bottino PJ, Sparrow AH (1973) Influence of seasonal-variation on survival and yield of lettuce irradiated with constant rate, fallout decay or buildup and fallout decay simulation treatments. Radiat Bot 13(1):27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-7560(73)90031-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  366. Sorensen B (1975) Computer-simulation of I-131 transfer from fallout to man. Water Air Soil Pollut 4(1):65–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01794131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  367. Yoneda M, Morisawa S, Sasaki T, Inoue Y (1993) Dynamic behavior of fallout cs-137 in paddy field and its accumulation in rice—evaluation by applying conditional simulation. J At Energy Soc Jpn 35(7):649–661. https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.35.649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  368. Kato M, Okada Y, Hirai S, Minai Y, Saito S, Shibukawa M (2016) Comparative analysis of distributions of radioactive cesium and potassium and stable cesium, potassium, and strontium in brown rice grains contaminated with radioactive materials released by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 310(1):247–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4824-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Mosca R, Giribone P, Bruzzone AG (1994) Automated modeling of chemical fallout through simulation. In: Simulation for emergency management: proceedings of the 1994 simulation multiconference. Soc Computer Simulation International, San Diego

  370. Bruzzone AG, Giribone P, Mosca R (1996) Simulation of hazardous material fallout for emergency management during accidents. SIMULATION 66(6):343–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/003754979606600603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  371. Ichikawa S, Yamamoto I, Murai M, Watanabe K (1996) Fallout decay simulation experiments with the stamen hairs of stable and mutable Tradescantia clones. Environ Exp Bot 36(2):173–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(96)01006-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  372. Macacini JF, Fernandes EAD, Taddei MHT (2002) Translocation studies of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris): simulation of fallout. Environ Pollut 120(1):151–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00140-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  373. Macedonio G, Costa A, Folch A (2008) Ash fallout scenarios at Vesuvius: numerical simulations and implications for hazard assessment. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 178(3):366–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Inagaki K, Hijikata T, Tsukada T, Koyama T, Ishikawa K, Ono S, Suzuki S (2014) Early construction and operation of the highly contaminated water treatment system in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (III)—a unique simulation code to evaluate time-dependent Cs adsorption/desorption behavior in column system. J Nucl Sci Technol 51(7–8):906–915. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2014.921580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Nakayama H, Takemi T, Nagai H (2015) Large-eddy simulation of turbulent winds during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident by coupling with a meso-scale meteorological simulation model. Adv Sci Res 12:127–133. https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-127-2015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  376. Mori K, Tada K, Tawara Y, Ohno K, Asami M, Kosaka K, Tosaka H (2015) Integrated watershed modeling for simulation of spatiotemporal redistribution of post-fallout radionuclides: application in radiocesium fate and transport processes derived from the Fukushima accidents. Environ Model Softw 72:126–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.06.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  377. Kim E, Tani K, Kunishima N, Kurihara O, Sakai K, Akashi M (2016) Estimation of early internal doses to fukushima residents after the nuclear disaster based on the atmospheric dispersion simulation. Radiat Prot Dosimet 171(3):398–404. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Wei LZ, Kinouchi T, Velleux ML, Omata T, Takahashi K, Araya M (2017) Soil erosion and transport simulation and critical erosion area identification in a headwater catchment contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Hydro-environ Res 17:18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2017.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  379. Lee HJ, Jo HY, Nam KP, Lee KH, Kim CH (2017) Measurement, simulation, and meteorological interpretation of medium-range transport of radionuclides to Korea during the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident. Ann Nucl Energy 103:412–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2017.01.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Nagai H, Terada H, Tsuduki K, Katata G, Ota M, Furuno A, Akari S (2017) Updating source term and atmospheric dispersion simulations for the dose reconstruction in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident. In: Malvagi F, Malouch F, Diop CMB, Miss J, Trama JC (eds) Icrs-13 & Rpsd-2016, 13th International conference on radiation shielding & 19th Topical meeting of the radiation protection and shielding division of the American Nuclear Society 2016, vol 153. EPJ Web of Conferences. E D P Sciences, Cedex A. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715308012

  381. Prants SV, Budyansky MV, Uleysky MY (2017) Lagrangian simulation and tracking of the mesoscale eddies contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides. Ocean Sci 13(3):453–463. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-453-2017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Takahashi H, Takahashi K, Shimura H, Yasumura S, Suzuki S, Ohtsuru A, Midorikawa S, Ohira T, Ohto H, Yamashita S, Kamiya K (2017) Simulation of expected childhood and adolescent thyroid cancer cases in Japan using a cancer-progression model based on the National Cancer Registry Application to the first-round thyroid examination of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(48):9. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000008631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  383. Koh HL, Teh SY, Abas MRC (2014) Post Fukushima tsunami simulations for Malaysian coasts. In: Dass SC, Guan BH, Bhat AH, Faye I, Soleimani H, Yahya N (eds) 3rd International conference on fundamental and applied sciences, vol 1621. AIP conference proceedings. American Institute of Physics, Melville, pp 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4898494

  384. Leibowicz BD (2014) Evaluation of post-Fukushima Japanese electricity strategies: a stochastic simulation model. Int J Energy Res 38(12):1578–1598. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  385. Misumi K, Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Tateda Y, Aoyama M, Kobayashi T, Hirose K (2014) Factors controlling the spatiotemporal variation of Cs-137 in seabed sediment off the Fukushima coast: implications from numerical simulations. J Environ Radioact 136:218–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.06.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  386. Prants SV, Budyansky MV, Uleysky MY (2014) Lagrangian study of surface transport in the Kuroshio Extension area based on simulation of propagation of Fukushima-derived radionuclides. Nonlinear Process Geophys 21(1):279–289. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-279-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  387. Nakajima H, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshimura T, Fukumoto M, Todo T (2015) Fukushima simulation experiment: assessing the effects of chronic low-dose-rate internal Cs-137 radiation exposure on litter size, sex ratio, and biokinetics in mice. J Radiat Res 56:I29–I35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrv079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  388. Sekiyama TT, Kunii M, Kajino M, Shimbori T (2015) Horizontal resolution dependence of atmospheric simulations of the Fukushima nuclear accident using 15-km, 3-km, and 500-m grid models. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 93(1):49–64. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  389. Tateda Y, Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Misumi K, Yamada M, Kanda J, Ishimaru T (2016) Status of Cs-137 contamination in marine biota along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan derived from a dynamic biological model two years simulation following the Fukushima accident. J Environ Radioact 151:495–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  390. Kawamura H, Kobayashi T, Furuno A, Usui N, Kamachi M (2014) Numerical simulation on the long-term variation of radioactive cesium concentration in the North Pacific due to the Fukushima disaster. J Environ Radioact 136:64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.05.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  391. Saito T, Kurihara Y, Koike Y, Tanihata I, Fujiwara M, Sakaguchi H, Shinohara A, Yamamoto H (2015) Altitude distribution of radioactive cesium at Fuji volcano caused by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303(2):1613–1615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3753-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Nakano M, Povinec PP (2012) Long-term simulations of the Cs-137 dispersion from the Fukushima accident in the world ocean. J Environ Radioact 111:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  393. Kobayashi T, Nagai H, Chino M, Kawamura H (2013) Source term estimation of atmospheric release due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident by atmospheric and oceanic dispersion simulations. J Nucl Sci Technol 50(3):255–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2013.772449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Tateda Y, Tsumune D, Tsubono T (2013) Simulation of radioactive cesium transfer in the southern Fukushima coastal biota using a dynamic food chain transfer model. J Environ Radioact 124:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.03.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  395. Tsumune D, Tsubono T, Aoyama M, Uematsu M, Misumi K, Maeda Y, Yoshida Y, Hayami H (2013) One-year, regional-scale simulation of Cs-137 radioactivity in the ocean following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Biogeosciences 10(8):5601–5617. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Draxler R, Arnold D, Chino M, Galmarini S, Hort M, Jones A, Leadbetter S, Malo A, Maurer C, Rolph G, Saito K, Servranckx R, Shimbori T, Solazzo E, Wotawa G (2015) World Meteorological Organization’s model simulations of the radionuclide dispersion and deposition from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 139:172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  397. Srinivas CV, Venkatesan R, Baskaran R, Rajagopal V, Venkatraman B (2012) Regional scale atmospheric dispersion simulation of accidental releases of radionuclides from Fukushima Dai-ichi reactor. Atmos Environ 61:66–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Cardoni J, Gauntt R, Kalinich D, Phillips J (2014) Melcor simulations of the severe accident at Fukushima Daiichi unit 3. Nucl Technol 186(2):179–197. https://doi.org/10.13182/nt13-41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Fei JF, Wang PF, Cheng XP, Huang XG, Wang YB (2014) A regional simulation study on dispersion of nuclear pollution from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant. Sci China-Earth Sci 57(7):1513–1524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-013-4811-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Gauntt R, Kalinich D, Cardoni J, Phillips J (2014) Melcor simulations of the severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1 reactor. Nucl Technol 186(2):161–178. https://doi.org/10.13182/nt13-59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Bonneville H, Luciani A (2014) Simulation of the core degradation phase of the Fukushima accidents using the ASTEC code. Nucl Eng Des 272:261–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.06.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. Bocanegra R, Di Marcello V, Sanchez V, Jimenez G, Asme (2016) Fukushima unit 2 accident simulation with melcor 2.1. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on nuclear engineering, 2016, vol 5. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York

  403. Bonneville H, Carenini L, Barrachin M (2016) Core Melt Composition at Fukushima Daiichi: results of Transient Simulations with ASTEC. Nucl Technol 196(3):489–498. https://doi.org/10.13182/nt16-27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  404. Chiang Y, Chen SW, Wang JR, Wang TY, Chen HC, Hsu WS, Chiang SC, Shih C (2017) Code crosswalk of Fukushima-like simulations for Chinshan BWR/4 NPP using MELCOR2.1/SNAP, TRACE/SNAP, PCTRAN and MAAP5.03. Nucl Eng Des 325:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Xiao JJ, Breitung W, Kuznetsov M, Zhang H, Travis JR, Redlinger R, Jordan T (2017) GASFLOW-MPI: a new 3-D parallel all-speed CFD code for turbulent dispersion and combustion simulations part II: first analysis of the hydrogen explosion in Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42(12):8369–8381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. The long shadow from Chernobyl (1986). Nature 321(6066):099. https://doi.org/10.1038/321099a0

  407. Weast RC, Selby S (1971) Handbook of chemistry and physics, The Chemical Rubber Co. 77

  408. IAEA FNAL (05.11.2017) IAEA, Fukushima Nuclear Accident Log. https://www.iaea.org/news/2011/fukushimafull.html

  409. Gauss CF (1809) Theoria motus corporum coelestum. Werke

  410. Bayazıt M, Oğuz EBY (2005) Mühendisler için istatistik. Birsen Yayınevi

  411. Cramér H (2004) Random variables and probability distributions, vol 36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  412. Evans M, Hastings NAJ, Peacock JB (1993) Statistical distributions. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  413. Wolberg J (2006) Data analysis using the method of least squares: extracting the most information from experiments. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31720-1

    Book  Google Scholar 

  414. Şen Z (1999) Simple risk calculations in dependent hydrological series. Hydrol Sci J 44(6):871–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  415. Şen Z (1976) Wet and dry periods of annual flow series. J Hydraul Div 102(10):1503–1514

    Google Scholar 

  416. Külahci F, Şen Z (2009) Risk assessment of distribution coefficient from 137Cs measurements. Environ Monit Assess 149(1–4):363–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0209-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  417. Embrechts P, Klüppelberg C, Mikosch T (2013) Modelling extremal events: for insurance and finance, vol 33. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  418. Leadbetter MR, Lindgren G, Rootzén H (2012) Extremes and related properties of random sequences and processes. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  419. Resnick S (2008) Extreme values, regular variation and point processes. Springer series in operations research and financial engineering. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  420. Coles S, Bawa J, Trenner L, Dorazio P (2001) An introduction to statistical modeling of extreme values, vol 208. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  421. Cressie N (1991) Statistics for spatial data. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  422. Davis JC, Sampson RJ (2002) Statistics and data analysis in geology, vol 646. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  423. de Lavenne A, Skøien JO, Cudennec C, Curie F, Moatar F (2016) Transferring measured discharge time series: large-scale comparison of Top-kriging to geomorphology-based inverse modeling. Water Resour Res 52(7):5555–5576. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018716

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Firat University (Grant Number: FF.12.25). We are grateful to the Editor-in-Chief (Prof Zsolt Revay) and two anonymous referees for their outstanding support in the investigation and development of this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science Faculty, Nuclear Physics Division, Physics Department, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Fatih Külahcı & Ahmet Bilici

  2. Vocational School of Health Service, Department of Opticianry, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey

    Ahmet Bilici

Authors
  1. Fatih Külahcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmet Bilici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fatih Külahcı.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Measured and calculated activities for 19 stations (DOCX 63 kb)

Measured activity values versus time for stations and the models obtained with LSM (DOCX 445 kb)

10967_2019_6559_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Probabilities of occurrence (risk) and probabilities of non-occurrence (confidence) of the risks levels of 131I (DOCX 42 kb)

Probability of Occurrence and Graphics of Best Available Distributions to Data (DOCX 182 kb)

Probability of Occurrence Values According to Generalized Extreme-Value Distribution (DOCX 30 kb)

Iodine-131 Radioactivity Changes (DOCX 16296 kb)

Iodine131_Activity_Animated_Simulation_1.mp4 (MP4 5660 kb)

Probabilities of Occurrence by Generalized Extreme-Value Distribution Corresponding to Activity Values (PDF 1703 kb)

10967_2019_6559_MOESM9_ESM.docx

Probabilities of Nonoccurrence According to Generalized Extreme-Value Distribution Corresponding to Activity Values (DOCX 5291 kb)

Probability of Occurrence.mp4 (MP4 2743 kb)

Probability of Nonoccurrence.mp4 (MP4 2748 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Külahcı, F., Bilici, A. Advances on identification and animated simulations of radioactivity risk levels after Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident (with a data bank): A Critical Review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 321, 1–30 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06559-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06559-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation