Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Innovative environment-friendly liquid fertilizer bead from sodium alginate coating with IPN membrane derived from natural rubber and cassava starch

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research aims to prepare liquid fertilizer beads formed with sodium alginate (SA) (SAB) that were coated with interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex (NR) and cassava starch (St) (IPN NR/St) for controlling the release of the urea solutions. The preparation of SAB at various concentrations of SA and calcium chloride (CaCl2) solutions was investigated. Optimal concentrations were determined to be 1.5% and 5.0 wt% for SA and CaCl2, respectively. Subsequently, the obtained SAB underwent coating with IPN NR/St, utilizing a ratio of 1.0/1.0 between SAB and IPN NR/St, with two layers of coating. The resulting coated alginate beads (CSAB) exhibited the ability to slow down the release of urea solution, contributing to enhanced growth in Thai eggplants. Beyond efficient urea release control, CSAB presents advantages in mitigating environmental issues associated with traditional fertilizers. The study proposes CSAB as an innovative technique for the coating and controlled liquid release of organic or biofertilizers. The potential benefits extend to promoting sustainable agriculture practices while addressing environmental concerns, marking CSAB as a promising solution for organic and biofertilizer applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dhanapal V, Subhapriya P, Sennappan M, Govindaraju KM (2022) Controlled release characteristics of methylenebisacrylamide crosslinked superabsorbent polymer for water and fertilizer conservation in agriculture sector. J Polym Res 29:298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03118-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sviklas A, Paletskene R (2004) Physicochemical principles of synthesis of liquid fertilizers based on potassium hydrophosphate. Russ J Appl Chem 77(4):521–526. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RJAC.0000038659.38925.cf

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Phibunwatthanawong T, Riddech N (2019) Liquid organic fertilizer production for growing vegetables under hydroponic condition. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8:369–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0257-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nhu NTH, Chuen NL, Riddech N (2018) The effects bio-fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of vegetables in the pot experiment. Chiang Mai J Sci 45(3):1257–1273. http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/64115

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kaur Brar S, Sarma SJ, Chaabouni E (2012) Shelf-life of biofertilizers: An accord between formulations and genetics. J Biofertil Biopestic 3:5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6202.1000e109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tang J, Hong J, Liu Y, Wang B, Hua Q, Liu L, Ying D (2018) Urea controlled-release fertilizer based on gelatin microspheres. J Polym Environ 26:1930–1939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1074-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhao G, Liu Y, Tian Y, Sun Y, Cao Y (2010) Preparation and properties of macromelecular slow-release fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. J Polym Res 17:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-009-9297-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chontal MAH, Collado CJL, Orozco NR, Velasco JV, Gabriel AL, Romero GL (2019) Nutrient content of fermented fertilizers and its efficacy in combination with hydrogel in Zea mays L. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8:309–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0248-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fuzlin AF, Saadiah MA, Yao Y, Nagao Y, Samsudin AS (2020) Enhancing proton conductivity of sodium alginate doped with glycolic acid in bio-based polymer electrolytes system. J Polym Res 27:207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02142-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bennacef C, Desobry-Banon S, Probst L, Desobry S (2021) Advances on alginate use for spherification to encapsulate biomolecules. Food Hydrocoll 118:106782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Silva CM, Ribeiro AJ, Figueiredo IV, Gonçalves AR, Veiga F (2006) Alginate microspheres prepared by internal gelation: development and effect on insulin stability. Int J Pharm 311(1–2):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chehardoli G, Bagheri H, Firozian F (2019) Synthesis of sodium alginate grafted stearate acid (NaAlg-g-St) and evaluation of the polymer as drug release controlling matrix. J Polym Res 26:175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1840-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Alesaeidi S, Kahrizi MS, Tajani AG, Hajipour H, Ghorbani M (2022) Soy protein isolate/sodium alginate hybrid hydrogel embedded with hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering. J Polym Environ 31:396–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02635-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee P, Rogers MA (2012) Effect of calcium source and exposure-time on basic caviar spherification using sodium alginate. Int J Gastron Food Sci 1(2):96–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2013.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Knijnenburg JTN, Kasemsiri P, Amornrantanaworn K, Suwanree S, Iamamornphan W, Chindaprasirt P, Jetsrisuparb K (2021) Entrapment of nano-ZnO into alginate/polyvinyl alcohol beads with different crosslinking ions for fertilizer applications. Int J Biol Macromol 181:349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hnoosong W, Rungcharoenthong P, Sangjan S (2021) Preparation and properties of urea slow-release fertilizer hydrogel by sodium alginate-gelatin biopolymer. Key Eng Mater 889:98–103. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.889.98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mesias VSD, Agu ABS, Benablo PJL, Chen C, Penaloza DP Jr (2019) Coated NPK fertilizer based on citric acid-crosslinked chitosan/alginate encapsulant. J Ecol Eng 20(11):1–12. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/113418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Skrzypczak D, Gil F, Izydorczyk G, Mikula K, Gersz A, Hoppe V, Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A (2022) Innovative bio-waste-based multilayer hydrogel fertilizers as a new solution for precision agriculture. J Environ Manage 321:116002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Peretiatko CDS, Hupalo EA, Campos JRR, Parabocz CRB (2018) Efficiency of zinc and calcium ion crosslinking in alginate-coated nitrogen fertilizer. Orbital Electron J Chem 10(3):218–225. https://doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i3.1103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Vudjung C, Saengsuwan S (2018) Biodegradable IPN hydrogels based on Pre-vulcanized natural rubber and cassava starch as coating membrane for environment-friendly slow-release urea fertilizer. J Polym Environ 26:3967–3980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1274-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Farahani ZK, Mousavi M, Ardebili SMS, Bakhoda H (2022) Modification of sodium alginate by octenyl succinic anhydride to fabricate beads for encapsulating jujube extract. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 5:157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tanan W, Jate P, Pitchayaporn S, Sayant S (2021) Biodegradable hydrogels of cassava starch-g-polyacrylic acid/natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol as environmentally friendly and highly efficient coating material for slow-release urea fertilizers. J Ind Eng Chem 101:237–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liang R, Yuan H, Xi G, Zhou Q (2009) Synthesis of wheat straw-g-poly(acrylic acid) superabsorbent composites and release of urea from it. Carbohydr Polym 77(2):181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Atfaoui K, Ettouil A, Fadil M, Asmaa O, Inekach S, Ouhssine M, Zarrouk A (2021) Controlled fermentation of food industrial wastes to develop a bioorganic fertilizer by using experimental design methodology. J Saudi Soc Agric 20:544–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tsai F, Chiang P, Kitamura Y, Kokawa M, Islam MZ (2017) Producing liquid-core hydrogel beads by reverse spherification: Effect of secondary gelation on physical properties and release characteristics. Food Hydrocoll 62:140–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.07.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Farias YB, Noreña CPZ (2019) Reverse encapsulation using double controlled gelification for the production of spheres with liquid light soy sauce-core. Int J Gastron Food Sci 16:100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu S, Li H, Tang B, Bi S, Li L (2016) Scaling law and microstructure of alginate hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 135:101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.086

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Koklükaya O, Karlsson RP, Carosio F, Wågberg L (2021) The use of model cellulose gel beads to clarify flame-retardant characteristics of layer-by-layer nanocoatings. Carbohydr Polym 255:117468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117468

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bennacef C, Desobry-Banon S, Probst L, Desobry S (2022) Optimization of core-shell capsules properties (Olive oil/alginate) obtained by dripping coextrusion process. LWT Food Sci Technol 167:113879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Voo W, Lee B, Idris A, Islam A, Tey B, Chan E (2015) Production of ultra-high concentration calcium alginate beads with prolonged dissolution profile. RSC Adv 5:36687–36695. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA03862F

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dalmoro A, Barba A, Lamberti G, d’Amore GMM (2012) Pharmaceutical applications of biocompatible polymer blends containing sodium alginate. Adv Polym Technol 31:219–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lv T, Li B (2021) Preparation of novel magnetic sodium alginate-ferric (III) gel beads and their super-efficient removal of direct dyes from water. J Polym Environ 29:1576–1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01977-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lawrencia D, Wong SK, Low DYS, Goh BH, Goh JK, Ruktanonchai UR, Soottitantawat A, Lee LH, Tang SY (2021) Controlled release fertilizers: a review on coating materials and mechanism of release. Plants 10:238. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Azeem B, KuShaari K, Man ZB, Basit A, Thanh TH (2014) Review on materials & methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer. J Control Release 181:11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sanhawong W, Banhalee P, Boonsang S, Kaewpirom S (2017) Effect of concentrated natural rubber latex on the properties and degradation behavior of cotton-fiber-reinforced cassava starch biofoam. Ind Crops Prod 108(1):756–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Suppanucroa N, Nimpaiboon A, Boonchuay K, Khamkeaw A, Phisalaphong M (2023) Green composite sponge of natural rubber reinforced with cellulose filler using alginate as a dispersing agent. J Mater Res Technol 27:3119–3130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.10.139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. de Lima DR, Vieira IRS, da Rocha EBD, de Sousa AMF, da Costa ACA, Furtado CRG (2023) Biodegradation of natural rubber latex films by highlighting the crosslinked bond. Ind Crops Prod 204:117290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nawong C, Umsakul K, Sermwittayawong N (2018) Rubber gloves biodegradation by a consortium, mixed culture and pure culture isolated from soil samples. Braz J Microbiol 49:481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Jumpapaeng P, Suwanakood P, Nanan S, Saengsuwan S (2023) Novel biodegradable nanocomposite hydrogels based on biopolymers and various montmorillonite contents as high-strength coating membranes for efficient slow-release fertilizers. J Ind Eng Chem 127:191–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2023.07.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mansouri H, Said HA, Noukrati H, Oukarroum A, Benyoucef H, Perreault F (2023) Advances in controlled release fertilizers: Cost-effective coating techniques and smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Adv Sustainable Syst 7:2300149. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202300149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Zheng D, Bai B, Xu X, He Y, Li S, Hu N, Wang H (2019) Fabrication of detonation nanodiamond@sodium alginate hydrogel beads and their performance in sunlight-triggered water release. RSC Adv 9:27961. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA03914G

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Kang J, Chu Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Lu H, Wang L, Kang G, Ma D, Xie Y, Wang C (2023) Physiological mechanisms underlying reduced photosynthesis in wheat leaves grown in the field under conditions of nitrogen and water deficiency. Crop J 11(2):638–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2022.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Sabzi S, Pourdarbani R, Rohban MH, García-Mateos G, Arribas JI (2021) Estimation of nitrogen content in cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves using hyperspectral imaging data with neural network and partial least squares regressions. Chemometr Intell Lab Syst 217:104404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. He Y, Wu Z, Tu L, Han Y, Zhang G, Li C (2015) Encapsulation and characterization of slow-release microbial fertilizer from the composites of bentonite and alginate. Appl Clay Sci 109–110:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.02.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Nulhakim L, Suyatmo RID, Terani IM, Nurwindah S, Guntama D (2021) Encapsulation and characterization of slow-release rabbit urine fertilizer from alginate bead coated with chitosan. The 3rd Faculty of Industrial Technology International Congress 2021 International Conference AIP Conf. Proc 2772:060002-1–060002-9. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lima-Tenorio MK, Furmam-Cherobim F, Karas PR, Hyeda D, Takahashi WY, Junior ASP, Galvão CW, Tenorio-Neto ET, Etto RM (2023) Azospirillum brasilense AbV5/6 encapsulation in dual-crosslinked beads based on cationic starch. Carbohydr Polym 308:120631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Mesias VSD, Penaloza DP Jr (2021) Synthesis, characterization, and controlled release property evaluation of carboxymethyl cellulose/alginate (CMC/Alg) encapsulated NPK fertilizers. Philipp J Sci 150(1):183–191. https://doi.org/10.56899/150.01.15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Rashidzadeh A, Olad A (2014) Slow-released NPK fertilizer encapsulated by NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/MMT superabsorbent nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 114:269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Abed MA, Haddad AM, Hassen AJ, Sultan SM (2006) Preparation and evaluation of new hydrogels as new fertilizer delivery system. Bas J Sci 24(1):103–114

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ma J, Faqir Y, Chai Y, Wu S, Luo T, Liao S, Kaleri AR, Tan C, Qing Y, Kalhoro MT, Umer N, Hadir W (2023) Chitosan microspheres-based controlled release nitrogen fertilizers enhance the growth, antioxidant, and metabolite contents of Chinese cabbage. Sci Hortic 308:111542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Guang-xin Z, De-hao Z, Heng-zhi F, Shi-ju L, Yun-cheng L, Juan H (2023) Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea with appropriate nitrogen application rate to reduce wheat stem lodging risk and increase grain yield and yield stability. J Integr Agric 22(10):3006–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zheng W, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhou H, Lu H, Zhang W, Yang Y, Li C, Chen B (2016) Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield under wheat-maize double cropping system. Field Crops Res 197:52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by financial from Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University and Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand

    Nichanan Phansroy

  2. Innovation and Sustainability in Advance Natural Rubber and Polymers (ISANRAP) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand

    Saowaluk Boonyod, Oanchali Mulasake, Apinya Uttha, Channarong Songkram, Theerasap Somboon, Jakkrawut Kongon, Niwat Lersuwannapong, Sayant Saengsuwan & Chaiwute Vudjung

  3. Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand

    Sayant Saengsuwan

  4. Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan

    Wichean Khawdas

  5. Rubber and Polymer Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand

    Saowaluk Boonyod, Oanchali Mulasake, Apinya Uttha, Channarong Songkram, Theerasap Somboon, Jakkrawut Kongon, Niwat Lersuwannapong, Sayant Saengsuwan & Chaiwute Vudjung

Authors
  1. Nichanan Phansroy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saowaluk Boonyod
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Oanchali Mulasake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Apinya Uttha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Channarong Songkram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Theerasap Somboon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jakkrawut Kongon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Niwat Lersuwannapong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sayant Saengsuwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Wichean Khawdas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Chaiwute Vudjung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chaiwute Vudjung.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 39 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Phansroy, N., Boonyod, S., Mulasake, O. et al. Innovative environment-friendly liquid fertilizer bead from sodium alginate coating with IPN membrane derived from natural rubber and cassava starch. J Polym Res 31, 67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03925-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03925-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation