Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Urea Controlled-Release Fertilizer Based on Gelatin Microspheres

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Gelatin microsphere, as a sustained release urea carrier, was prepared by an emulsion–cross linking method with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent. The influence of urea/gelatin ratio, emulsifier, GA concentration, and cross-linking time on the urea loading and encapsulation efficiency was investigated using response surface methodology. It was found that the urea/gelatin ratio had greater impact on urea loading and encapsulation efficiency than other factors. Equilibrium swelling of microspheres were performed in distilled water, and as expected, the water uptake decreased with the increase of GA as well as the reaction time. The cumulative release of urea from the microspheres decreased with the increase of reaction time and urea release presented a Fickian trend, indicating a diffusion controlled urea release mechanism. The insight from this study is useful to the design and process of controlled release urea fertilizers.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Scheme 1
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S (2002) Nature 418:671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ayoub AT (1991) Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 55:117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gerbens-Leenes PW, Nonhebel S, Ivens W (2002) Agric Ecosyst Environ 90:47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Erisman JW, Sutton MA, Galloway J, Klimont Z, Winiwarter W (2008) Nat Geosci 1:636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vitousek PM, Naylor R, Crews T, David MB, Drinkwater LE, Holland E, Johnes PJ, Katzenberger J, Martinelli LA, Matson PA, Nziguheba G, Ojima D, Palm CA, Robertson GP, Sanchez PA, Townsend AR, Zhang FS (2009) Science 324:1519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chatterjee R (2009) Environ Sci Technol 43:1659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Azeem B, KuShaari K, Man ZB, Basit A, Thanh TH (2014) J Control Release 181:11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dave AM, Mehta MH, Aminabhavi TM, Kulkarni AR, Soppimath KS (1999) Polymer 38:675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang YC, Zhang M, Li Y, Fan XH, Geng YQ (2012) J Agric Food Chem 60:11229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu YH, Wang TJ, Qin L, Jin Y (2008) Powder Technol 183:88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li QS, Wu S, Ru TJ, Wang LM (2012) J Wuhan Univ Technol 27:126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Niu YS, Li HC (2012) Ind Eng Chem Res 51:12173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ni BL, Liu MZ, Yu LS, Xie LH, Wang YF (2010) J Agric Food Chem 58:12373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mulder WJ, Gosselink RJA, Vingerhoeds MH, Harmsen PFH, Eastham D (2011) Ind Crops Prod 34:915

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Melaj MA, Daraio ME (2013) J Appl Polym Sci 130:2422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mikkelsen RL (1994) Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 38:53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen YS, Chang JY, Cheng CY, Tsai FJ, Yao CH, Liu BS (2007) Macromol Biosci 26:3911

    Google Scholar 

  18. He SL, Zhou ZH, Peng C, Huang HH, Xiang LJ, Cao DF, Zhou H, Chen J, Ou BL, Liu Q, Zeng WN, Liu LH (2016) Mater Technol 31:145–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tabata Y, Ikada Y (1998) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 31:287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Olde Damink LHH, Dijkstra PJ, Van Luyn MJA, Van Wachem PB, Nieuwenhuis P, Feijen J (1995) J Mater Sci 6:460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Iwanaga K, Yabuta T, Kakemi M, Morimoto K, Tabata Y, Ikada Y (2003) J Microencapsul 20:767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hao ZH, Wu HT, Hao LH, Zhao YD, Ding ZP, Yang FF, Qu BH (2013) J Appl Polym Sci 130:2369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Naz MY, Sulaiman SA (2016) J Control Release 225:109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tabata Y, Ikada Y (1989) Pharm Res 6:422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zuo XJ, Wang ZX, Dai XM, Zhou Y, Ma XJ (2006) Spectrosc Spect Anal 26:1151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ritger PL, Peppas NA (1987) J Control Release 5:37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Xie LH, Lu SY, Liu MZ, Gao CM, Wang XG, Wu L (2013) J Agric Food Chem 61:3382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hussain MR, Devi RR, Maji TK (2012) Iran Polym J 21:473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ji Y, Zhang XH, GUO R (2004) Acta Chim Sin 62:345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kajjari PB, Manjeshwar LS, Aminabhavi TM (2011) Ind Eng Chem Res 50:7833

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the China National Key Research & Development Program (Grant No. 2016YFD0300805) and the Zhengzhou University Seed Funding for National Major Science & Technology Foundation Program in 2015.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Jianwei Tang, Junyi Hong, Yong Liu, Baoming Wang, Quanxian Hua & Li Liu

  2. National Centre of Research & Popularization on Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Jianwei Tang, Yong Liu, Baoming Wang, Quanxian Hua & Li Liu

  3. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia

    Danyang Ying

Authors
  1. Jianwei Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Junyi Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yong Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Baoming Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Quanxian Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Li Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Danyang Ying
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Danyang Ying.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tang, J., Hong, J., Liu, Y. et al. Urea Controlled-Release Fertilizer Based on Gelatin Microspheres. J Polym Environ 26, 1930–1939 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1074-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1074-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation