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Synthesis and characterisation of polyaniline and/or MoO2/graphite composites from deep eutectic solvents via chemical polymerisation

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Abstract

Novel polyaniline (Pani) and/or graphite (Gr)/molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) composites have been successfully synthesised via an in situ chemical polymerisation method using a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as the electrolyte. The chemical structure and properties of the Pani composites were characterised using various analytical techniques such as Raman, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conductivity measurements, confirming its semi-crystalline nature. The results show shifts in the Raman, XRD and FTIR spectral features associated with the Pani composites, indicating that a matrix of metal oxide and/or graphite had formed in the polymer. Higher electrical conductivity was observed for the Pani/Gr (5.58 S cm−1) and Pani/Gr/MoO2 (9.87 S cm−1) composites compared to pure Pani (1.25 S cm−1). The homogenous growth of Pani chains on the graphite and MoO2 network were clearly observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-ray (EDAX). A larger surface area and greater porosity were achieved in the Pani/MoO2, Pani/Gr/MoO2 and Pani/Gr samples, while a more compact structure was obtained for the Pani sample. These findings support that the idea that the polymer/graphite composites would be more useful for electrochemical charge transport, supercapacitance and energy storage applications compared to those using the pure polymer alone.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank each of the following universities: Koya, Kerbala and Barsrah, respectively, for providing the required materials and instruments for this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support received from Prof. Peter Food (Kingston University, London) for conductivity measurements. Many thanks go to the PhD students and Vinay Patel from Leicester University for the SEM and Raman measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, University Park, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Hani K. Ismail

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq

    Hasan F. Alesary

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

    Mohammed Q. Mohammed

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  1. Hani K. Ismail
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Ismail, H.K., Alesary, H.F. & Mohammed, M.Q. Synthesis and characterisation of polyaniline and/or MoO2/graphite composites from deep eutectic solvents via chemical polymerisation. J Polym Res 26, 65 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1732-6

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