Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A novel magnetic activated carbon produced via hydrochloric acid pickling water activation for methylene blue removal

  • Published:
Journal of Porous Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel biomass-based and low cost magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was synthesized from a peanut shell via a simple one-step method using hydrochloric acid pickling water as an activating agent. The effectiveness of MAC in the removal of methylene blue has been investigated extensively. The morphology and surface chemistry of the obtained MAC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. A batch adsorption study was performed at varying pH levels, dye concentrations, temperatures, and adsorbent doses. In order to examine the adsorption kinetic and the mechanism of adsorption, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models were fitted. It was found that the equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 201.61 mg/g at 298 K. The adsorption kinetic followed a pseudo-second-order equation. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Royer, N.F. Cardoso, E.C. Lima, J.C.P. Vaghetti, R.C. Veses, Applications of Brazalin pine-fruit shell in natural and carbonized forms as adsorbents to removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions: kinetics and equilibrium study. J. Hazard. Mater. 164, 1213–1222 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, K. Khosla, Z. Zhu, G.Q. Lu, Microstructure and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of carbon electrodes prepared by zinc chloride activation of sugar cane bagasse. J. Power Sources 195, 912–918 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F.F. Avealr, M.L. Bianchi, M. Goncalves, E.G. de Mota, The use of piassava fibers (Attalea funifever) in the preparation of activated carbon. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 4639–4645 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M.S. Balathanigaimani, S. Wag-Guen, M.J. Lee, C.H. Kim, J.W. Lee, H. Moon, Highly porous electrodes from novel corn grains-based activated carbons for electrical double layer capacitors. Electrochem. Commun. 10, 868–871 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, Adsorption of basic dye using activated carbon prepared from oil palm shell: batch and fixed bed studies. Desalination 225, 13–28 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Malarvizhi, Y.S. Ho, The influence of pH and the structure of the dye molecules on adsorption isotherms modeling using activate carbon. Desalination 264, 97–101 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. K.T. Samar, J.A. Muthanna, Adsorption of methylene blue onto biomass-based activated carbon by FeCl3 activation: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 97, 116–122 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Z. Zhu, G.Q. Lu, A comparative study of chemical treatment by FeCl3, MgCl2, and ZnCl2 on microstructure, surface chemistry, and double-layer capacitance of carbons from waste biomass. J. Mater. Res. 25, 1451–1459 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Hristov, L. Fachikov, An overview of separation by magnetically stabilized beds: state-of-the-art and potential applications. China Particuology 5, 11–18 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H.Y. Zhu, R. Jiang, L. Xiao, G.M. Zeng, Preparation, characterization, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of novel magnetic chitosan enwrapping nanosized γ-Fe2O3 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced adsorption properties for methyl orange. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5063–5069 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, Equilibrium and kinetic studies on basic dye adsorption by oil palm fibre activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J. 127, 111–119 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.J. Ma, L.Ch.. Zhou, W.F. Dan, H. Zhang, Y.M. Shao, C. Bao, L.G. Jing, Novel magnetic porous carbon spheres derived from chelating resin as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 446, 298–306 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sh.L. Zhang, L.H. Tao, M. Jiang, G.J. Gou, Z.W. Zhou, Single-step synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shell. Mater. Lett. 157, 281–284 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Devi, A. Singhal, R. Gupta, P. Panzade, A study on treatment methods of spent pickling liquor generated by pickling process of steel. Clean. Techn. Environ. Policy 16, 1515–1527 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L.C.A. Oliveiraa, E. Pereiraa, I.R. Guimaraesa, A. Vallone, M. Pereirac, J.P. Mesquitac, K. Sapag, Preparation of activated carbons from coffee husks utilizing FeCl3 and ZnCl2 as activating agents. J. Hazard. Mater. 165, 87–94 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Franger, P. Berthet, O. Dragos, R. Baddour-Hadjean, P. Bonville, J. Berthon, Large influence of the synthesis conditions on the physio-chemical properties of naostructured Fe3O4. J. Nanopart. Res. 9, 389–402 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L.C. Oliveira, R.V. Rios, J.D. Fabris, V. Garg, K. Sapag, R.M. Lago, Activated carbon/iron oxide magnetic composites for the adsorption of contaminants in water. Carbon 40, 2177–2183 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. L.C.A. Oliveira, J.D. Fabris, W.N. Mussel et al., The effect of Mn substitution on the catalytic properties of ferrites. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130, 2165–2168 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E.N.E. Qada, S.J. Allen, G.M. Walker, Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from steam activated bituminous coal: a study of equilibrium adsorption isotherm. Chem. Eng. J. 124, 103–110 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. B.H. Hameed, A.A. Ahmad, Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel, an agricultural waste biomass. J. Hazard. Mater. 164, 870–875 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. W.Ch.. Hsin, Adsorption of reactive dye onto carbon nanotubes: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. J. Hazard. Mater. 144, 93–100 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. P.K. Malik, Use of activated carbons prepared from sawdust and rice-husk for adsorption of acid dyes: a case study of Acid Yellow 36. Dyes Pigments, 56, 239–249 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T.W. Weber, R.K. Chakkravorti, Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed bed adsorbers. AIChE J. 20, 228–238 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Arivoli, M. Hema, M. Karuppaiah, S. Saravanan, Adsorption of chromium ion by acid activated low cost carbon-kinetic, mechanistic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies. J. Chem. 5, 820–831 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. Fytianos, E. Voudrias, E. Kokkalis, Sorption-desorption behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenol by marine sediments. Chemosphere 40, 3–6 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. L. Ch Zhou, J.J. Ma, H. Zhang, Y.M. Shao, Y.F. Li, Fabrication of magnetic carbon composites from peanut shells and its application as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst in removal of methylene blue. Appl. Surf. Sci. 324, 490–498 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. K.R. Hall, L.C. Eagleton, A. Acrivos, T. Vermeulen, Pore- and solid-diffusion kinetics in fixed-bed adsorption under constant-pattern conditions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 5, 212–223 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2014BL014), a Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J14LC54), a Project of Binzhou City science and technology development project (2014ZC0212) and Binzhou University (201610449035 and BZXYHZ20161010) research Funds.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry in Binzhou City, Department of Chemical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China

    Fang Wang

Authors
  1. Fang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fang Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, F. A novel magnetic activated carbon produced via hydrochloric acid pickling water activation for methylene blue removal. J Porous Mater 25, 611–619 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0474-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0474-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation