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Optimization of Xanthan Gum/Poly(acrylic acid)/Cloisite 15A Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Heavy Metals Removal

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Abstract

Semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) of Xanthan gum/poly (acrylic acid) containing Cloisite 15A were prepared via radical polymerization using a novel acrylic-urethane crosslinker. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conversion, swelling, and networking of synthesized hydrogels as a function of three variables: xanthan gum, cross-linker, and clay. FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, BET, TEM and SEM techniques were used to analyze and confirm the formation and efficiency of the synthesized hydrogels. The surface areas of the XG/PAA and XG/PAA/Cloisite 15A samples were 1.3536 and 1.759 m2 g−1, respectively, demonstrating that Cloisite 15A nano-sheets are effective in increasing hydrogel surface area. Adsorption behavior of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ by optimized hydrogel was defined using kinetic and isotherm models. The kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order best explains the kinetic mechanism (R2 = 0.999). At 15,000 g mL−1 initial concentration, the adsorption capacity for Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ were 436.62, 530.14, and 511.74 mg g−1, respectively. The results show that the Xanthan-based hydrogel has a porous structure and high adsorption capacity. Moreover, the cycling absorption performance of XG/PAA/Cloisite 15A is promising. Metal ions were removed by XG/PAA/Cloisite 15A at about 45 and 30% in the 1st and 5th cycles, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Group, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Golestan University, P.O. Box 155, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

    Fatemeh Esmaeildoost & Alireza Goudarzi

  2. Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 43841-119, Guilan, Rezvanshar, Iran

    Mohsen Shahrousvand

  3. Department of Biology, Golestan University, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan, Iran

    Mohammad B. Bagherieh-Najjar

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  1. Fatemeh Esmaeildoost
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Esmaeildoost, F., Shahrousvand, M., Goudarzi, A. et al. Optimization of Xanthan Gum/Poly(acrylic acid)/Cloisite 15A Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Heavy Metals Removal. J Polym Environ 30, 4271–4286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02501-6

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