Abstract
The goal of this paper is to implement the secretion mechanism of the Thyroid Hormone (TH) based on bio-mathematical differential eqs. (DE) on an FPGA chip. Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL) is used to develop a behavioral model of the mechanism derived from the DE. The Thyroid Hormone secretion mechanism is simulated with the interaction of the related stimulating and inhibiting hormones. Synthesis of the simulation is done with the aid of CAD tools and downloaded on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) Chip. The chip output shows identical behavior to that of the designed algorithm through simulation. It is concluded that the chip mimics the Thyroid Hormone secretion mechanism. The chip, operating in real-time, is computer-independent stand-alone system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shell, J. R., Synthesis of the Growth Hormone Secretion Mechanism Using Nonlinear Analysis and CAD Tools. 2005 I.E. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, pp. 4650–4653, 2005.
Pandiyan, B., Merrill, S.J., and Benvenga, S., A patient-specific model of the negative-feedback control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. Mathematical Medicine and Biology. 31(3):226–258, 2014. doi:10.1093/imammb/dqt005.
Balykina, Y.E., Kolpak, E.P., and Kotina, E.D., Mathematical model of thyroid function. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 19(3):429–433, 2014.
Thongmak, S., Sarika, W., and Rattanakul, C., A delay-differential equations model of prolactin secretion: Effects of dopamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Nonlinear. Stud. 17(2), 2010.
Suzuki, S., Nishio, S.I., Takeda, T., and Komatsu, M., Gender-specific regulation of response to thyroid hormone in aging. Thyroid research. 5(1):1, 2012.
Dixon, K.R., Modeling and simulation in ecotoxicology with applications in MATLAB and Simulink. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2011.
Mansourian, A.R., A review of literature on thyroid hormone disorders originated from extra thyroidal illness. Journal Biological Sciences. 14(1):20–37, 2014.
Farling, P.A., Thyroid disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 85(1):15–28, 2000.
Botros, N., Akaaboune, M., Alghazo, J. and Alhreish, M., Hardware Realization of Biological Mechanisms Using VHDL and FPGAs. Tech Proc of the Third Intl Conf on Model and Simul of Microsystems. 223–234, (2000).
Botros, N., Akaaboune, A., and Alghazo, J., Modeling and synthesis of human growth hormone secretion mechanism using CAD tools. Industrial Electronics Society, 2003. IECON '03. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE, Vol. 3 pp. 2429–2434, 2003 doi:10.1109/IECON.2003.1280626
Botros, N., Akaaboune, A., and Alghazo, J.M., Modeling, synthesis and realization of HGH mechanism using VHDL and FPGAs. Intl Journal On Model & Simul. 25(4):285–290, 2005.
Botros, N. M., Akaaboune, A., Alghazo, J., and Shell, J. R., Synthesis of the growth hormone secretion mechanism using nonlinear analysis and CAD tools. 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005., pp. 6, 2005, doi: 10.1109/IECON.2005.1568880
Elhassan, A., Alzubaidi, L., and Alghazo, J., Modeling and synthesis of human insulin secretion mechanism using CAD. Proc of the Intl Multiconf of Eng and Comp Scientists. 1:117–122, 2012.
Gupta, M.K., Singh, D.B., Rath, S.K., and Misra, K., Metabolic modeling and simulation analysis of thyroid disorder pathway. J Computer Science System Biology. 5(2):52–61, 2012.
Panigrahy, D., Rakshit, M., and Sahu, P., FPGA Implementation of Heart Rate Monitoring System. J Med Syst. 49(40), 2015.
Agrawal, S., Rani, A., Singh, V., and Mittal, A. P., Performance Evaluation and Implementation of FPGA Based SGSF in Smart Diagnostic Applications. J. Med. Syst. 40(63), 2016.
Cai, K., Yang, R., Chen, H., Huang, Y., Wen, X., Huang, W., and Ou, S., Synchronization Design and Error Analysis of Near-Infrared Cameras in Surgical Navigation. J. Med. Syst. 40 (7), 2016.
Hsueh, Y. H., Yin, C., Chen, Y.H., Hardware System for Real-Time EMG Signal Acquisition and Separation Processing during Electrical Stimulation. J. Med. Syst. 39(88), 2015.
Alghazo, J., Optimization Effects on Modelling and Synthesis of a Conventional Floating Point Fused Multiply Add Arithmetic Unit Using CAD Tools. J. Interdiscip. Multidiscip. Res. 2(1), 2008.
Alghazo, J., Modeling and Realization of the Floating Point Inverse Square Root, Square Root, and Division Unit (FP ISD) using VHDL and FPGAs. Intl Conf of Comp Des. 39–45, 2006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Patient Facing Systems.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alghazo, J.M. Optimized FPGA Implementation of the Thyroid Hormone Secretion Mechanism Using CAD Tools. J Med Syst 41, 35 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0680-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0680-5