Abstract
Silica aerogels are highly porous and very compressible materials. They are transparent and suitable for observation of the liquefaction process in them. We reported that capillary condensation of 4He in a very light aerogel with a porosity of 99.5% proceeded with two steps under a nonequilibrium condition. The aerogel sucked outer liquid with two separated interfaces which were regarded as precursor films and avalanches (Nomura, R., et al. in Phys. Rev. E 73:032601, 2006). During the capillary condensation, shrinkage of the aerogel was large enough to be visually observable, shrinking about 1.5% in length by the capillary force. During the rapid evacuation at high temperatures, shrinkage was enhanced to as much as 7% and was easily seen. By repeated filling and evacuating of the liquid in the aerogel, the shrinkage became less. For denser aerogels with porosities of 95.8 and 90.4%, the shrinkage was not large enough to be observed by our method.
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Kato, H., Miyashita, W., Nomura, R. et al. Observation of Shrinkage of Silica Aerogel during Capillary Condensation of 4He. J Low Temp Phys 148, 621–625 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-007-9473-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-007-9473-z