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Development of Polymer Composites in Radiation Shielding Applications: A Review

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Abstract

Radiation shielding materials based on composites play a crucial role in safeguarding nuclear-related installations, equipment, and employees from harmful radiation. With the advent of new and challenging nuclear security conditions, the development of radiation-protective materials has undergone significant changes. Thanks to the advancements in science and technology, especially in the field of nanomaterials technology, it is now possible to produce radiation protection materials that offer high all-around performance. This article discusses the current research on composite-based radiation shielding materials. It first describes the current state and distribution of radiation shielding studies worldwide. Then, it categorizes and reviews composite-based radiation protection materials, taking into account the study topic and the field’s requirements. The three broad categories of composite-based radiation protection materials are polymer-based composites, metal-based composites, and fabric-based composites. Space radiation shielding materials are categorized separately (as a point of reference). The mechanical, thermal, and shielding properties of radiation protection materials are briefly discussed here. In addition, the primary research challenges are outlined along with the research methodologies that academics employ to examine properties and property change trends. Finally, a summary of the properties of the radiation protection materials discussed in the complete paper is provided, followed by an analysis of the current research gaps and potential future paths.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

LiH:

Lithium hydride

Am:

Americium

Li2WO4 :

Lithium tungstate

Ag:

Silver

MAC:

Mass attenuation coefficient

Al:

Aluminum

MCP:

Microchannel plate

Al2O3 :

Alumina

MD:

Molecular dynamics

B:

Boron

MEKP:

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Ba:

Barium

Mg:

Magnesium

B4C:

Boron carbide

Mg2Si:

Magnesium silicide

BA:

Boric acid

MgB2 :

Magnesium boride

BaSO4 :

Barium Sulfate

Mo:

Molybdenum

BFNONC:

Ba–Fe–Ni oxide nanocomposites

MoS2 :

Molybdenum disulfide

Bi:

Bismuth

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Bi2O3 :

Bismuth oxide

Na:

Natrium

BiClO:

Bismuth oxychloride

Na2O3 :

Sodium oxide

BaTiO3 :

Barium titanate

NASA:

National aeronautics and space administration

BN:

Boron nitride

Nb:

Niobium

BNNT:

Boron nitride nanotubes

NBC:

Nano boron carbide

BNP:

Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate

Ni:

Nickel

BiBr3 :

Bismuth bromide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

Br:

Bromine

NR:

Natural rubber

C:

Carbon

Pb:

Lead

CaB6 :

Calcium hexaboride

Pb(NO3)2 :

Lead nitrate

CaSi:

Calcium silicide

Pb-B PE:

Lead-boron polyethylene

CaWO4 :

Calcium tungstate

PbO:

Lead oxide

Cd:

Cadmium

PbI2 :

Lead(II) iodide

Cd(NO3)2 :

Cadmium nitrate

PbSO4 :

Lead sulfate

CdTe:

Cadmium telluride

PC:

Polycarbonate

Ce:

Cerium

PE:

Polyethylene

CeO2 :

Cerium oxide

PEEK:

Polyether ether ketone

CMEs:

Coronal mass ejections

PEI:

Polyetherimide

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

PEP:

Particle environment package

Co:

Cobalt

PERSEO:

Personal radiation shielding for interplanetary missions

CO-6:

Cobalt octoate 6%

PES:

Polyethersulfone

Cr:

Chromium

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

Cs:

Cesium

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

Cu:

Copper

PMC:

Polymer matrix composites

CuO:

Copper oxide

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

CuZn:

Brass

PP:

Polypropylene

Dy:

Dysprosium

PSE:

Polyethersulphone

EGPET:

Ethylene glycol phenylene terephthalate

PSF:

Polysulfone

EP:

Epoxy resin

PSU/PSF:

Polysulfone

EPDM:

Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Eu:

Europium

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

Fe:

Iron

PVDC:

Polyvinylidene chloride

FeCr:

Ferro Chrome

RB:

Raw bentonite

Ge:

Germanium

RSF:

Radiation shielding film

GCR:

Galactic cosmic rays

RSMs:

Radiation shielding materials

Gd:

Gadolinium

Sb:

Antimony

GO:

Graphene oxide

Si:

Silicon

GRAS:

Geant4 radiation analysis for space

SPA:

South pole-aitken

H:

Hydrogen

SPE:

Solar particle events

HDPE:

High-density polyethylene

SR:

Silicone rubber

Hf:

Hafnium

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

HGNF:

Hydrogenated graphite nanofibers

Ta:

Tantalum

High-Z:

High atomic number

Ti:

Titanium

HOFA:

Heavy oil fly ash

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

HVL:

Half-value layer

Th:

Thorium

HZE:

High charge (Z) and energy

UHMWPE:

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

I:

Iodine

UPR:

Unsaturated polyester resin

IEMR:

Ionizing electromagnetic radiation

W:

Tungsten

In:

Indium

W2B:

Tungsten boron

IND:

Improvised nuclear device

WC:

Tungsten carbide

IPA:

Isophthalic acid

WO3 :

Tungsten oxide

IPSE:

Isophthalic polyester

WPIC:

Waste polymer incorporated concrete

ISS:

International space station

wt:

Weight

JUICE:

Jupiter Icy moons explore

Xe:

Xenon

K:

Kalium

Zn:

Zinc

LAT:

Linear attenuation coefficients

μ L :

Linear attenuation coefficients

LBL:

Layer-by-layer

μ/ρ (cm 2 /g):

Mass attenuation coefficient

Li:

Lithium

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Dept. of Military Installation, Army Logistical University of PLA for the financial support of this study. Thanks are also due for the support of project National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2013AA030704), A Demonstration Study of The Need for Radioactive Aerosol High-altitude Fast-reverse Suppression Equipment (LJ20222Z060077), and Study on Monitoring, Assessment and Control Measures of Non-traditional nuclear and radiation Safety Risks during wartime (LQ-QN-202216).

Funding

The Army Logistical University of the PLA provided some funding for this research.

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  1. Department of Military Installation, Army Logistical University of PLA, Chongqing, 401311, China

    Chenhao Zeng, Qing Kang, Zhongshan Duan, Bing Qin, Xiaojie Feng, Haoyuan Lu & Yuanye Lin

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Contributions

CHZ contributed to the idea for the article, literature search, and data analysis, writing—the original draft, writing—the review, and editing. QK contributed to article review, general analysis, structural layout, and supervision. ZSD contributed to literature collation, classification, and proofreading. BQ contributed to writing—review, and editing. XJF contributed to writing—review, and editing. HYL contributed to writing—the article content proofreading and classification. YYL contributed to writing—the article Chart Embellishment.

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Correspondence to Chenhao Zeng.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of X-Ray shielding performance of polymeric materials
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See Table 2.

Table 2 Comparison of gamma-ray shielding performance of polymeric materials
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See Table 3.

Table 3 Comparison of gamma-ray shielding performance of IEMR shielding materials
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See Table 4.

Table 4 Comparison of neutron shielding performance of polymeric materials
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See Table 5.

Table 5 Space radiation shielding material performance comparison
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Zeng, C., Kang, Q., Duan, Z. et al. Development of Polymer Composites in Radiation Shielding Applications: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 2191–2239 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02725-6

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