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Evaluation of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Concentration on Synthesis and Characterization of 1% Toluene-4-Sulfonic Acid Monohydrate Doped Polyaniline Film

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Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising conducting polymers to be used in several applications, owing to its easily synthesized, high surface area, cost-effectiveness, and tremendous electrical conductivity. In this research, 1% toluene-4-sulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) doped PANI film was fabricated using twelve different concentrations from 0.5 to 6 wt % contents of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent since the amount of NMP is still a vital aspect to recognize optimum combination. The chemical, optical, thermal, morphological, and electrical conductivity properties are investigated through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Breuneur–Emmet–Teller (BET), then the four-point probe method. The existence of a hydrogen (H) bonding association between the C=O functional group within NMP and the N–H functional group throughout the PANI films will be shown using FT-IR analysis. Bandgap and PL intensity decreased with increasing NMP concentrations. FE-SEM displays the high-quality morphology of PANI can be achieved by increasing NMP concentrations. The specific electrical conductivity of prepared samples did not significantly change. The 1% PTSA and 3% NMP doped PANI is introduced as optimized PANI film with a low bandgap value of 2.54 (eV), high PL intensity, high specific surface area value of 121.457 (m2/g), and stable conductivity value of 2.45 (Ω cm)−1 owing to the arranged design of benzenoid and quinoid parts in its structure which seems a proper candidate to improve PANI film properties for use in sensing and supercapacitor applications.

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Data Availability

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Universiti Putra Malaysia for its financial support via Geran Universiti Putra Malaysia Inisiatif Putra Berimpak 9674700.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Mahnoush Beygisangchin & Suraya Abdul Rashid

  2. Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Mahnoush Beygisangchin, Suhaidi Shafie & Hong Ngee Lim

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Suhaidi Shafie

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  1. Mahnoush Beygisangchin
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  2. Suraya Abdul Rashid
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  3. Suhaidi Shafie
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  4. Hong Ngee Lim
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Contributions

Conceptualization, MB and SAR; methodology, MB, SAR; formal analysis, MB, SS, HNL, investigation, MB, SS, resources, MB, HNL; writing—original draft preparation, MB, writing—review and editing, MB, SAR, visualization, MB, SAR, supervision, SAR; funding acquisition, SS. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Suraya Abdul Rashid or Suhaidi Shafie.

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Beygisangchin, M., Abdul Rashid, S., Shafie, S. et al. Evaluation of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Concentration on Synthesis and Characterization of 1% Toluene-4-Sulfonic Acid Monohydrate Doped Polyaniline Film. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 1246–1260 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02574-3

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