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Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures Prepared by Electrical Arc Discharge Method in Liquids

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Abstract

In this review, the importance of electrical arc discharge technique in liquids in synthesis of various nanostructures from carbon based materials to metal and metal oxide nanostructures with their general and specific properties, especially the photocatalytic performance of metal oxide nanostructures is studied. The effect of arc current on size distribution, morphology and physicochemical properties of metal and semiconductor nanostructures was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. WO3 Cubic nanostructures with 30 nm mean particle size were formed during the discharge process in water. Discharge between zinc electrodes in water leads to formation of rod like and semi spherical ZnO nanostructures with 15–20 nm diameter range. ZrO2 nanoparticles were formed using zirconium electrodes in water. Photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh. B) shows that the as prepared nanostructures in this method have potential ability for environmental purifications. Also, using silver electrodes in water leads to formation of silver nanoparticles with 8–15 nm average particle size. Moreover, a novel method for synthesis of gold nanoparticles without using gold electrodes is presented. Finally, the future outlook of this technique in synthesis of various nanocrystalline materials is presented.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Author would like to express his special thanks to Prof. A. Iraji Zad for her help and useful discussions. Author would also like to thank Dr. S. M. Mahdavi, Dr. M. M. Ahadian and Dr. M. R. Hormozi Nezhad.

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  1. Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14665-678, Tehran, Iran

    A. A. Ashkarran

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Ashkarran, A.A. Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures Prepared by Electrical Arc Discharge Method in Liquids. J Clust Sci 22, 233–266 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-011-0376-4

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