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Diversity and distribution of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria) in Sagami Bay, Japan, and their association with tropical and subarctic water masses

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Abstract

Siphonophores were sampled using stratified 1.67-m2-mouth 330-μm mesh nets during both day- and nighttime in Sagami Bay (35°0.50′N, 139°20′E), off south-eastern Japan during a 9-day period in March 2006, when the Kuroshio Current was in an offshore non-large meander phase. The samples were collected at 50-m intervals spanning from 1,000 m depth to the surface. Fifty-eight species and 11 eudoxid forms of unknown parentage were collected, of which 5 represent first-time records from Japanese waters, and Clausophyes laetmata Pugh and Pagès 1993, Eudoxia cf. galathea Moser 1925 and Lensia panikkari Daniel 1970 were recorded for the first time not only from Japan but from the entire Pacific Ocean. The highest abundance and diversity was found below the thermocline during the day, and above it at night. A second peak in abundance, around 400 m depth, associated with a decrease in diversity, could be linked to the increase in abundance of a single species—Dimophyes arctica (Chun 1897). The siphonophore communities could be related to the different water masses in the Bay, with an important influence of lateral transport of both tropical and subarctic species into the Bay by the different water masses.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the reviewers for critical and constructive comments on the manuscript. We also thank the captain and crew of the R/V “Kaiyo” during cruise KY06-03, the onboard team of Drs. Minoru Kitamura, Yasuo Furushima, Francesc Pagès (deceased), Satoshi Konishi, Sumihiro Koyama, Jun Nishikawa, Mikiko Kuriyama, Hiroyuki Matsuura, Jun Kita, Haruko Kurihara, Satoko Iguchi, Hiroshi Miyake, Tomohiko Kikuchi, Satoshi Katoh, Takenori Kawabata and Mr. Jun Tanada, Mitsugu Kitada, Toshishige Itoh, Masaru Satoh, Sayaka Matsumura, Teruki Tanaka, Satoshi Okada, Maiko Kimino, Naotaka Togashi, Akira Soh, Tamami Ueno, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Yūko Sagawa, Yasushi Hashimoto, Hirokatsu Uno and Shinsuke Toyoda for their help with sampling; Dr. Hiroshi Itoh and staff at Suidosha Inc. for help in sorting the cnidarians from the bulk samples. We also thank Drs. Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Katsunori Fujikura and Tadashi Maruyama of JAMSTEC for mentorship and logistical support. We gratefully acknowledge programmatic support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. This study is a contribution from the Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ), an ocean realm field project of the Census of Marine Life, the Japan National Regional Implementation Committee of the Census of Marine Life, and the International Network for Scientific Investigations of Deep-Sea Ecosystems (INDEEP). This work was partially funded by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, grant numbers 24248032 and 23405031.

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  1. Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan

    Mary M. Grossmann & Dhugal J. Lindsay

  2. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, 237-0061, Japan

    Mary M. Grossmann & Dhugal J. Lindsay

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  1. Mary M. Grossmann
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Correspondence to Mary M. Grossmann.

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Grossmann, M.M., Lindsay, D.J. Diversity and distribution of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria) in Sagami Bay, Japan, and their association with tropical and subarctic water masses. J Oceanogr 69, 395–411 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-013-0181-9

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