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N–self–doped hierarchically porous carbon materials from waste coffee grounds for symmetric supercapacitor

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Abstract

The practical application of hierarchical porous carbon materials in supercapacitors is very important. Therefore, the development of a high–performance hierarchical porous carbon material is a huge challenge. The waste coffee grounds–based porous carbon (WBC) was synthesized from waste coffee grounds by carbonization and static air activation. The physicochemical properties of WBC were observed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The WBC activated at 800 ℃ has a more developed hierarchical porous structure with a specific surface area of 639.01 m2 g–1, and an average pore diameter of 2.77 nm. The formation mechanism of the WBC, which has a hierarchical porous structure in static air activation, was illustrated systematically. Within the three–electrode system, the optimal WBC exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 164.4 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 in 6 M KOH and an excellent rate capability of 84.85% at 5 A g–1. The constructed symmetric SC with the optimal WBC as electrode material and 6 M KOH as electrolyte achieved an energy density of 8.15 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 250 W kg–1 and an outstanding cyclic retention rate of 100% over 7000 cycles at 10 A g–1. The hierarchical porous structure of WBC exhibits high specific capacitance, high energy density, and stable cyclic retention rate, which provides a broad application prospect for realizing energy storage and conversion applications.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (B. Xu) upon reasonable request.

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  1. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116208, China

    Fanen Zeng, Zhen Tan, Xun Yang, Xiamei Wang & Bing Xu

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Fanen Zeng: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing–original draft. Zhen Tan: Visualization, Formal analysis. Xun Yang: Investigation. Xiamei Wang: Resources. Bing Xu: Funding acquisition, Writing–review & editing.

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Zeng, F., Tan, Z., Yang, X. et al. N–self–doped hierarchically porous carbon materials from waste coffee grounds for symmetric supercapacitor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 885 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12643-z

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