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Glucose sensing via green synthesis of NiO–SiO2 composites with citrus lemon peel extract

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Abstract

In this study, NiO–SiO2-based composites were synthesized through low-temperature aqueous chemical growth utilizing a facile, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach. The composite systems were prepared using a combination of silica gel and citrus lemon peel extract. Due to the remarkable green chemicals in orange peel extract, porous nanostructures have been developed with thin sheet-like properties. The composite materials were examined in terms of their crystalline structure, morphology, optical band gap, and surface chemical composition. An advanced non-enzymatic glucose sensor developed from NiO–SiO2 composites exhibits rich surface oxygen vacancies and abundant catalytic sites. Based on sample 2, cyclic voltammetry revealed a linear glucose concentration range between 0.1 and 20 mM, chronoamperometry exhibited glucose concentration ranges between 0.1 and 14 mM, and linear sweep voltammetry revealed glucose concentration ranges from 0.1 to 10 mM. In enzymatic glucose sensors, the minimum level of detection was estimated to be 0.08 mM. A number of sensor characterization parameters were examined, including selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and real-time applications. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has shown that the NiO–SiO2 composite performs well in non-enzymatic glucose sensing due to its low charge transfer resistance and high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). NiO–SiO2 composites could have significant biomedical, energy conversion, and storage applications based on the results obtained.

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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the Higher Education Commission Pakistan for partial support under the project NRPU/8350/8330. We also extend our sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R79) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Ajman University, Grants ID: DRG ref. 2023-IRG-HBS-2 (RESHUSC-001), RTG-2023-HBS-1 (Phase 1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Ihsan Ali Mahar, Mehnaz Parveen, Ahmed Ali Hulio & Zafar Hussain Ibupoto

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan

    Aneela Tahira

  3. College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China

    Kezhen Qi

  4. Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ali Bhatti

  5. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, 54000, Nancy, France

    Brigitte Vigolo

  6. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ayman Nafady & Riyadh H. Alshammari

  7. Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Elmuez Dawi

  8. Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden

    Elfatih Mustafa

  9. Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1105/1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Lama Saleem

  10. Medical and Bio‑Allied Health Sciences Research Centre, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Akram Ashames

  11. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Zahoor Ahmed Ibupoto

Authors
  1. Ihsan Ali Mahar
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  2. Aneela Tahira
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  3. Mehnaz Parveen
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  4. Ahmed Ali Hulio
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  5. Zahoor Ahmed Ibupoto
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  6. Muhammad Ali Bhatti
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  7. Elmuez Dawi
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  8. Ayman Nafady
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  9. Riyadh H. Alshammari
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  10. Brigitte Vigolo
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  11. Kezhen Qi
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  12. Elfatih Mustafa
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  13. Lama Saleem
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  14. Akram Ashames
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  15. Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
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Contributions

Ihsan Ali Mahar, did the material synthesis and partial electrochemical measurements. Aneela Tahira, did XRD analysis did wrote the draft. Mehnaz Parveen, did partial electrochemical measurements. Ahmed Ali Hullio, did optical analysis. Muhammad Ali Bhatti, did XRD measurement. Elmuez Dawi, did the partial electrochemical analysis. Akram Ashames, did partial drafting of the manuscript and validated the electrochemical results. Ayman Nafady, did partial drafting of the manuscript. Riyadh H. Alshammari, did EIS analysis. Brigitte Vigolo, did SEM and EDS analysis. Kezhen Qi, did ECSA analysis. E. Mustafa, did FTIR analysis. L.M. A. Saleem, Overall proofread the electrochemical results. Zafar Hussain Ibupoto, did main supervision, conceptualized the work, and wrote the first draft of manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zafar Hussain Ibupoto.

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Mahar, I.A., Tahira, A., Parveen, M. et al. Glucose sensing via green synthesis of NiO–SiO2 composites with citrus lemon peel extract. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 490 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12156-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12156-9

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