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Influence of dysprosium-doped nanoparticles on the physico-chemical properties of spray-deposited CuO thin films for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

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Abstract

Transparent conductive oxide thin films based on copper oxide (CuO) doped with dysprosium (Dy) at varying concentrations (3, 6, and 9 at.%) were elaborated via a simple and cost-effective spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates heated to 350 °C. The impact of Dy doping levels on the physical–chemical properties of the CuO thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all films exhibited a monoclinic CuO structure with a preference for the (111) crystallographic plane. The average crystallite size (D) ranged from 16 to 25 nm, indicating the formation of nanocrystalline structures. Dy doping led to increased micro-strain and defect density in the films. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the three vibrational phonon modes 1Ag, Bg1 and Bg2 of CuO, with characteristic peaks at 300, 350, and 632 cm−1. Morphological analysis using FE-SEM depicted rough, granular surfaces with diminishing roughness upon Dy doping. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the CuO:Dy 9% exhibited the highest surface roughness, with an Rq of 53.51 nm and a Ra of 34.29 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified the presence of Cu, O, and Dy nanoparticles and established the influence of Dy concentration on the film's composition. The electrical resistivity of CuO:Dy thin films decreased with increasing Dy doping, reaching a minimum of 0.11 × 103 Ω cm for CuO:Dy 9%. Moreover, films with reduced thickness displayed enhanced electrical conductivity. All sprayed films demonstrated high optical transparency (\(\sim\) 80%), while the optical bandgap decreased from 2.19 to 1.68 eV with rising Dy doping levels. Notably, Dy-doped CuO thin films exhibited promising photocatalytic activity, showcasing efficient methylene blue degradation under solar irradiation. CuO:Dy thin films, particularly the 9% Dy-doped variant, displayed exceptional photocatalytic efficiency (81.96%), marked by a superior kinetic rate constant of around 8.88 × 10–3 min−1. This study highlights the potential of Dy-doped CuO thin films in various applications, particularly as efficient and stable photocatalysts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Professor Eric AUBRY and Pascal BRIOIS for their help in providing Electric and SEM characterizations.

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  1. Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis, 5 Ave Taha Hussein, 1008, Tunis, Tunisia

    I. Hemmedi & F. Harrathi

  2. Laboratoire de Photovoltaïque et Matériaux Semi-conducteurs, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia

    I. Hemmedi, N. Bitri & F. Harrathi

  3. Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) - UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Albert Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France

    I. Ly

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IH: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Visualization. IL: Data curation, formal analysis- editing, and software. FH: formal analysis. NB: supervision-resources.

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Hemmedi, I., Bitri, N., Harrathi, F. et al. Influence of dysprosium-doped nanoparticles on the physico-chemical properties of spray-deposited CuO thin films for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2306 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11711-0

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