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Ternary Z-scheme NiO/CdO/Co3O4 nanocomposite powder with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

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Abstract

In this study, a ternary NiO/CdO/Co3O4 nanocomposite powder was synthesized using the sol–gel method. The prepared sample was compared with a binary NiO/CdO composite and the single oxides. Characterization results proved the formation of pure NiO, CdO and Co3O4. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, results indicated a good distribution of Co3O4 particles with proper contact between different phases. The average particle size in the ternary composite was 80 nm. The band gap energy of the ternary nanocomposite was 2.5 eV using the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy result. The photocatalytic activity of samples was studied using methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under visible light irradiation. The maximum degradation efficiency for the ternary nanocomposite sample was observed to reach 78% after 180 min. The kinetics and adsorption capacity of the samples were also evaluated. The mechanism of photodegradation was investigated using radical trapping. The holes were the main effective factor in photocatalytic degradation by the binary composite and the holes and hydroxyl radicals were the main species affected the degradation of the ternary nanocomposite. The proposed charge transfer mechanisms in MB degradation over the binary NiO/CdO and ternary NiO/CdO/Co3O4 composites were type I and the Z-scheme type mechanism, respectively. Cyclic degradation experiments proved the reusability of the photocatalyst.

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  1. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Iran

    N. S. Moalej, S. Sheibani & M. Mokmeli

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NSM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software; Data curation, Validation, Writing-Original draft preparation. SS, MM: Visualization, Supervision, Writing- Reviewing and Editing.

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Moalej, N.S., Sheibani, S. & Mokmeli, M. Ternary Z-scheme NiO/CdO/Co3O4 nanocomposite powder with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 195 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09666-9

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