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Structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics of undoped and In3+-doped tin antimony sulfide thin films for device applications

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Abstract

In this study, undoped and 5 wt% In3+-doped tin antimony sulfide (TAS) thin films were directly and facilely synthesized by spin coating of the undoped and In3+-doped Sn-Sb-S solution on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and borosilicate glass substrates using a low annealing process. The morphological, structural, linear/nonlinear optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The results indicate that In3+ doping significantly affected the morphological modifications of TAS thin films. The main peak of the monoclinic Sn6Sb10S21 structure was found in the XRD patterns. The crystallite size decreased from 64 to 56 nm after In3+ doping, which may be due to the formation of smaller NPs on larger NPs, which resulted from the presence of a solid-state diffusion. The slightly decreased transmittance and increased reflectance can be attributed to the increment of defects in structure or disorder and crystal imperfections, which is agreed with the increased dislocation density (δ) and micro-strain (ε). The change in energy band gaps is of 1.67–1.68 eV with the obtained \({E}_{U}\) decreased from 102.92 to 63.79 meV after In3+ doping. Linear optical parameters such as the optical conductivity, refractive index, real/imaginary dielectric constants, and dielectric loss were investigated. The higher χ(1), χ(3), and n2 values were, respectively, obtained for the In3+-doped TAS at the low photon energy region of 0.138, 0.694 × 10–13 esu., and 1.512 × 10–12 esu. The specific capacitance (Cs) values were 222 and 176 mAh/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s for the undoped and In3+-doped TAS thin films, respectively. On the other hand, In3+ doping promotes the higher carrier capacity in the TAS thin film by the decrease in capacitance loss in thin film. The lattice disorder or distortion after In3+ doping affected the adsorption/desorption and diffusion processes of free carriers. The results of the present demonstration provided information for feasible device applications. The investigation of linear, nonlinear optical, and electrochemical parameters for the undoped and In3+-doped TAS thin film showed promise for high potential optoelectronic, energy storage, and pseudocapacitive devices, and should be improved further in the future.

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Acknowledgements

P.C. and A.T. acknowledge the financial support provided by the Student Development Fund under the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand. We also thank Dr. Veeramol Vailikhit for the support through the experimental set up of CV measurements.

Funding

This study was supported by The Student Development Fund under the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand.

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  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand

    Phetcharat Chongngam & Auttasit Tubtimtae

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  1. Phetcharat Chongngam
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  2. Auttasit Tubtimtae
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PC contributed to conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and data curation. AT contributed to conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—original draft preparation, and validation.

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Correspondence to Auttasit Tubtimtae.

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Chongngam, P., Tubtimtae, A. Structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics of undoped and In3+-doped tin antimony sulfide thin films for device applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 71 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09524-8

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