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Biopolymer-based trimetallic nanocomposite synthesis, characterization and its application in the catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

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Abstract

Gum kondagogu (GK), a natural biopolymer was successfully employed in the synthesis of trimetallic (AgAuPd) nanocomposites and characterized for their physicochemical properties in comparison with the monometallic nanoparticles. The UV–visible spectrum of GK-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and GK-AuNPs showed distinctive surface plasmon peaks at 418 and 546 nm, respectively. In contrast, GK-PdNPs and the trimetallic nanoparticles did not exhibit any specific absorbance within the region of 200–800 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl, acetyl, and carboxylate functional groups are responsible for the formation of GK-NPs. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis depicted the surface morphology and elemental composition of GK-based nanoparticles in comparison with native gum. Further, the GK-trimetallic nanocomposite was crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry based on X-ray diffraction analysis and oxidation state zero as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The zeta potential (mV) for the GK-AgAuPdNPs was recorded as − 4.97 ± 1.25 when compared to native gum − 25.25 ± 2.64. The transmission electron microscopy analysis displayed the average sizes for GK-AgNPs (13 ± 4.8 nm), GK-AuNPs (8 ± 3.0 nm), GK-PdNPs (6 ± 1.1 nm), and the trimetallic GK-AgAuPdNPs (28 ± 8.1 nm). The synthesized GK-NPs exhibited enhanced catalytic efficiencies in the reduction of an anthropogenic agent 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by NaBH4 to 4-aminophenol with rate constants k (min−1) 0.180 for (GK-AgNPs), 0.158 (GK-AuNPs), 0.293 (GK-PdNPs), and 0.287 (GK-AgAuPdNPs). Our findings disclosed that GK-trimetallic NPs are more efficient catalysts in the reduction of 4-NP as compared to monometallic nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi for providing infrastructural facilities under PURSE programs phase-I & II at Osmania University, Hyderabad. Mr. Velpula Suresh would like to thank the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi for awarding Basic Scientific Research (BSR) fellowship (JRF and SRF) at the Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India

    Suresh Velpula, Sashidhar Rao Beedu & Karuna Rupula

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  1. Suresh Velpula
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SV: Investigation, methodology, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafting the article. SRB: The conception of the idea, and introducing novel biopolymer for development of metal nanocomposites; In addition, to reviewing the study critically for important intellectual inputs. KR: The conception and design of the study, critically reviewing experimental data, research supervision and administration, final approval of the version to be submitted.

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Correspondence to Karuna Rupula.

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Velpula, S., Beedu, S.R. & Rupula, K. Biopolymer-based trimetallic nanocomposite synthesis, characterization and its application in the catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 2677–2698 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07476-z

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