Abstract
In this work, we reported the effect of different metal contacts on performance of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS)-structured Schottky diodes formed with the vanadium pentoxide thin film (V2O5) interfacial layer. V2O5 thin films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on n-type silicon (n-Si) and Corning glass (CG) substrates at room temperature. Then, the obtained films were annealed at 300 °C and 500 °C. The effects of annealing temperature on physical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. The MOS-structured Al/V2O5/n-Si, Ti/V2O5/n-Si and Au/V2O5/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) performance was analyzed with I–V measurements at room temperature. The Schottky diodes were compared with each other according to three methods (Classic, Norde and Cheung). The experimental results indicated that the Schottky diode produced with Al contact had better performance than the others.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Ravinder, C.J. Sreelatha, V. Ganesh, M. Shkir, M. Anis, P.C. Rao, Thickness-dependent structural, spectral, linear, nonlinear and z-scan optical studies of V2O5 thin films prepared by a low-cost sol-gel spin coating technique. Mater Res Express 6, 096403 (2019)
R.S. Ingole, B.J. Lokhande, Spray pyrolysed vanadium oxide thin films using different ingredients for redox supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 1363–1369 (2016)
R.S. Ingole, B.J. Lokhande, Electrochemically synthesized mesoporous architecture of vanadium oxide on flexible stainless steel for high performance supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 10951–10957 (2017)
I. Pradeep, E.R. Kumar, N. Suriyanarayanan, C. Srinivas, M.V.K. Mehar, Effects of doping concentration on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of tungsten doped V2O5 nanorods. Ceram. Int. 44, 7098–7109 (2018)
Z. Tong, N. Li, H. Lv, Y. Tian, H. Qu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, Annealing synthesis of coralline V2O5 nanorod architecture for multicolor energy-efficient electrochromic device. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 146, 135–143 (2016)
A.D. Raj, P.S. Kumar, Q. Yang, D. Mangalaraj, Synthesis and gas sensors behavior of surfactants free V2O5 nanostructure by using a simple precipitation method. Physica E 44, 1490–1494 (2012)
S. Bellone, L. Di Benedetto, A. Rubino, On the electrical behavior of V2O5/4H-SiC Schottky diodes. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 224503 (2013)
L. Shen, X.D. Zhang, W.B. Guo, C.X. Liu, D. Wei, S.P. Ruan, Performance improvement of inverted polymer solar cells using V2O5 as an anode buffer layer. Mater. Sci. Forum 663, 865–868 (2011)
N.M. Abd-Alghafour, N.M. Ahmed, Z. Hassan, Fabrication and characterization of V2O5 nanorods based metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector. Sens. Actuators, A 250, 250–257 (2016)
R.S. Ingole, S.B. Kondawar, B.J. Lokhande, Substrate dependent morphological and electrochemical properties of V2O5 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 2385–2391 (2017)
Z. Luo, Z. Wu, X. Xu, M. Du, T. Wang, Y. Jiang, Impact of substrate temperature on the microstructure, electrical and optical properties of sputtered nanoparticle V2O5 thin films. Vacuum 85, 145–150 (2010)
I. Quinzeni, S. Ferrari, E. Quartarone, P. Mustarelli, Structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline V2O5 thin films deposited by means of radio frequency magnetron sputtering. J. Power Sour. 196, 10228–10233 (2011)
R. Santos, J. Loureiro, A. Nogueira, E. Elangovan, J.V. Pinto, J.P. Veiga, I. Ferreira, Thermoelectric properties of V2O5 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 282, 590–594 (2013)
C.R.A.J. Chelliah, R. Swaminathan, Improved optical absorption, enhanced morphological and electrochemical properties of pulsed laser deposited binary zinc and vanadium oxide thin films. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 1–11 (2019)
Y. Wang, L. Pan, Y. Li, A.I. Gavrilyuk, Hydrogen photochromism in V2O5 layers prepared by the sol–gel technology. Appl. Surf. Sci. 314, 384–391 (2014)
R.S. Ingole, B.J. Lokhande, Electrochemical properties of dip-coated vanadium pentaoxide thin films. Bull. Mater. Sci. 39, 1603–1608 (2016)
M. Benkahoul, M.K. Zayed, A. Solieman, S.N. Alamri, Spray deposition of V4O9 and V2O5 thin films and post-annealing formation of thermochromic VO2. J. Alloy. Compd. 704, 760–768 (2017)
R.S. Ingole, B.J. Lokhande, Effect of pyrolysis temperature on structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide thin films. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 120, 434–440 (2016)
R.S. Ingole, B.J. Lokhande, Nanoporous vanadium oxide network prepared by spray pyrolysis. Mater. Lett. 168, 95–98 (2016)
F. Güzelçimen, B. Tanören, Ç. Çetinkaya, M.D. Kaya, H.İ Efkere, Y. Özen, S. Özçelik, The effect of thickness on surface structure of rf sputtered TiO2 thin films by XPS, SEM/EDS, AFM and SAM. Vacuum 182, 109766 (2020)
T.A.T. Thi, D.H. Kuo, P.T. Cao, P. Quoc-Phong, V.K. Nghi, N.P.L. Tran, Electrical and structural properties of all-sputtered Al/SiO2/p-GaN MOS Schottky diode. Coatings 9, 685 (2019)
S. Mahato, J. Puigdollers, Temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics of Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes and the effect of transition metal oxides as an interface layer. Physica B 530, 327–335 (2018)
S. Thiagarajan, M. Thaiyan, R. Ganesan, Physical vapor deposited highly oriented V2O5 thin films for electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. RSC Adv. 6, 82581–82590 (2016)
R. Marnadu, J. Chandrasekaran, S. Maruthamuthu, V. Balasubramani, P. Vivek, R. Suresh, Ultra-high photoresponse with superiorly sensitive metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structured diodes for UV photodetector application. Appl. Surf. Sci. 480, 308–322 (2019)
N.N.K. Reddy, H.S. Akkera, M.C. Sekhar, S. Uthanna, Influence of Ta2O5 interfacial oxide layer thickness on electronic parameters of Al/Ta2O5/p-Si/Al heterostructure. SILICON 11, 159–164 (2019)
M. Chitra, G. Mangamma, Local grain to grain conductivity in SnO2-V2O5 nanocomposite ethanol sensor. Nanotechnology 31, 344001 (2020)
S. Mahato, D. Biswas, L.G. Gerling, C. Voz, J. Puigdollers, Analysis of temperature dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of an Au/V2O5/n-Si Schottky diode. AIP Advances. 7, 085313 (2017)
V. Balasubramani, J. Chandrasekaran, T. Dai Nguyen, S. Maruthamuthu, R. Marnadu, P. Vivek, S. Sugarthi, Colossal photosensitive boost in Schottky diode behaviour with Ce-V2O5 interfaced layer of MIS structure. Sensors Actuators A: Phys. 315, 112333 (2020)
V. Balasubramani, J. Chandrasekaran, V. Manikandan, R. Marnadu, P. Vivek, P. Balraju, Influence of rare earth doping concentrations on the properties of spin coated V2O5 thin films and Cu/Nd-V2O5/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes. Inorgan. Chem. Commun. 119, 108072 (2020)
V. Balasubramani, J. Chandrasekaran, V. Manikandan, T.K. Le, R. Marnadu, P. Vivek, Upgraded photosensitivity under the influence of Yb doped on V2O5 thin films as an interfacial layer in MIS type Schottky barrier diode as photodiode application. J. Solid State Chem. 301, 122289 (2021)
E. Şenarslan, B. Güzeldir, M. Sağlam, Effects of surface passivation on capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage characteristics of Al/p-type Si/Al and Al/V2O5/p-type Si/Al diodes. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 146, 109564 (2020)
M.S. Raman, J. Chandrasekaran, R. Priya, P. Baraneedharan, M. Chavali, Thermal annealing effects on structural, optical and electrical properties of V2O5 nanorods for photodiode application. Optik 157, 410–420 (2018)
I. Pradeep, E.R. Kumar, N. Suriyanaranan, C. Srinivas, N.V. Rao, Structural, optical and electrical properties of pure and Fe doped V2O5 nanoparticles for junction diode fabrications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29, 9840–9853 (2018)
M.D. Kaya, B.C. Sertel, N.A. Sonmez, M. Cakmak, S. Ozcelik, Thickness-dependent physical properties of sputtered V2O5 films and Ti/V2O5/n-Si Schottky barrier diode. Appl. Phys. A 126, 1–11 (2020)
C.A. Paul, B.S. Shree, T. Preethi, J. Chandrasekaran, K. Mohanraj, K. Senthil, Exploration of organic additives-assisted vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles for Cu/n-V2O5/p-Si Schottky diode applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30, 20989–20996 (2019)
V. Balasubramani, J. Chandrasekaran, R. Marnadu, P. Vivek, S. Maruthamuthu, S. Rajesh, Impact of annealing temperature on spin coated V2O5 thin films as interfacial layer in Cu/V2O5/n-Si structured schottky barrier diodes. J. Inorgan. Organometall. Polym. Mater. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01117-z
E. Şenarslan, B. Güzeldir, M. Sağlam, Influence of anodic passivation on electrical characteristics of Al/p-Si/Al and Al/V2O5/p-Si/Al diodes. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 7582–7592 (2017)
R. Thangarasu, N. Senthilkumar, B. Babu, K. Mohanraj, J. Chandrasekaran, O.N. Balasundaram, Structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of V2O5 nanorods and its ag/n-V2O5/p-Si/Ag diode application. J. Adv. Phys. 7, 312–318 (2018)
A. Venkatesan, N.R.K. Chandar, A. Kandasamy, M.K. Chinnu, K.N. Marimuthu, R.M. Kumar, R. Jayavel, Luminescence and electrochemical properties of rare earth (Gd, Nd) doped V2O5 nanostructures synthesized by a non-aqueous sol–gel route. RSC Adv. 5, 21778–21785 (2015)
L.G. Gerling, G. Masmitja, P. Ortega, C. Voz, R. Alcubilla, J. Puigdollers, Passivating/hole-selective contacts based on V2O5/SiOx stacks deposited at ambient temperature. Energy Procedia. 124, 584–592 (2017)
C. Drosos, C. Jia, S. Mathew, R.G. Palgrave, B. Moss, A. Kafizas, D. Vernardou, Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition of V2O5 cathodes with high rate capabilities for magnesium-ion batteries. J. Power Sour. 384, 355–359 (2018)
A.A. Mane, A.V. Moholkar, Effect of film thickness on NO2 gas sensing properties of sprayed orthorhombic nanocrystalline V2O5 thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 416, 511–520 (2017)
C. Loka, K. Lee, S.W. Moon, Y. Choi, K.S. Lee, Enhanced transmittance of sapphire by silicon oxynitride thin films annealed at high temperatures. Mater. Lett. 213, 354–357 (2018)
B.C. Sertel, H.I. Efkere, S. Ozcelik, Gas sensing properties of Cr doped TiO2 films against propane. IEEE Sensors J. 20, 13436–13443 (2020)
N. Akçay, N. Akın, B. Cömert, S. Özçelik, Temperature effects on the structural, optical, electrical and morphological properties of the RF-sputtered Mo thin films. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 399–406 (2017)
N. Akin, B. Kinaci, Y. Ozen, S. Ozcelik, Influence of RF power on the opto-electrical and structural properties of gallium-doped zinc oxide thin films. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 7376–7384 (2017)
B.C. Sertel, N.A. Sonmez, M.D. Kaya, S. Ozcelik, Development of MgO: TiO2 thin films for gas sensor applications. Ceram. Int. 45, 2917–2921 (2019)
A.A. Akl, Effect of solution molarity on the characteristics of vanadium pentoxide thin film. Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 8745–8750 (2006)
M. Mousavi, A. Kompany, N. Shahtahmasebi, M.M. Bagheri-Mohagheghi, Study of structural, electrical and optical properties of vanadium oxide condensed films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. Adv. Manufact. 1, 320–328 (2013)
C.V. Ramana, B.S. Naidu, O.M. Hussain, R. Pinto, Low-temperature growth of vanadium pentoxide thin films produced by pulsed laser ablation. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 34, L35 (2001)
C.V. Ramana, O.M. Hussain, B.S. Naidu, C. Julien, M. Balkanski, Physical investigations on electron-beam evaporated vanadium pentoxide films. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 52, 32–39 (1998)
M.D. Rachel, R. Sivakumar, C. Sanjeeviraja, Annealing effects on V2O5-x thin films deposited by non reactive sputtering. Haнocиcтeмы физикa, xимия, мaтeмaтикa 7, 547–552 (2016)
T. Asar, B. Korkmaz, S. Özçelik, Effect of platinum doping on the structural and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films. J. Exp. Nanosci. 11, 1285–1306 (2016)
T. Sertel, Y. Ozen, A. Tataroglu, T. Asar, S.S. Cetin, S. Ozcelik, Electrical Properties of Dilute Nitride GaAsPN/GaPN MQW p–i–n Diode. J. Electron. Mater. 46, 4590–4595 (2017)
H. Durmuş, Ş Karataş, The analysis of the electrical characteristics and interface state densities of Re/n-type Si Schottky barrier diodes at room temperature. Int. J. Electron. 106, 507–520 (2019)
B. Kinaci, T. Asar, Y. Özen, S. Özçelik, The analysis of Au/TiO2/n-Si Schottky barrier diode at high temperatures using IV characteristics. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater-Rapid Commun. 5, 434–437 (2011)
B. Kinaci, T. Asar, S.Ş Çetin, Y. Özen, K. Kizilkaya, Electrical characterization of Au/ZnO/TiO2/n-Si and (Ni/Au)/ZnO/TiO2/n-Si Schottky diodes by using current-voltage measurements. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 14, 959 (2012)
J. Kwon, J.Y. Lee, Y.J. Yu, C.H. Lee, X. Cui, J. Hone, G.H. Lee, Thickness-dependent Schottky barrier height of MoS2 field-effect transistors. Nanoscale 9, 6151–6157 (2017)
Q. Fang, X. Zhao, Y. Huang, K. Xu, T. Min, F. Ma, Junction-configuration-dependent interfacial electronic states of a monolayer MoS2/metal contact. J. Mater. Chem. C. 7, 3607–3616 (2019)
K.S. Mohan, A. Panneerselvam, R. Marnadu, J. Chandrasekaran, M. Shkir, A. Tataroğlu, A systematic influence of Cu doping on structural and opto-electrical properties of fabricated Yb2O3 thin films for Al/Cu-Yb2O3/p-Si Schottky diode applications. Inorgan. Chem. Comm. 129, 108646 (2021)
E. Elgazzar, A. Tataroğlu, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, Y. Al-Turki, W.A. Farooq, F. El-Tantawy, F. Yakuphanoglu, Thermal sensors based on delafossite film/p-silicon diode for low-temperature measurements. Appl. Phys. A 122, 617 (2016)
P. Harishsenthil, J. Chandrasekaran, R. Marnadu, P. Balraju, C. Mahendarn, Influence of high dielectric HfO2 thin films on the electrical properties of Al/HfO2/n-Si (MIS) structured Schottky barrier diodes. Phys. B: Condensed Matter. 594, 412336 (2020)
Ş Karataş, A. Türüt, The determination of electronic and interface state density distributions of Au/n-type GaAs Schottky barrier diodes. Phys. B 381, 199–203 (2006)
S.M. Sze, Y. Li, K.K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2021)
Y. Şafak-Asar, T. Asar, Ş Altındal, S. Özçelik, Investigation of dielectric relaxation and ac electrical conductivity using impedance spectroscopy method in (AuZn)/TiO2/p-GaAs (110) schottky barrier diodes. J. Alloy. Compd. 628, 442–449 (2015)
M. Balaji, J. Chandrasekaran, M. Raja, R. Marnadu, Impact of Cu concentration on the properties of spray coated Cu-MoO3 thin films: evaluation of n-CuMoO3/p-Si junction diodes by JV, Norde and Cheung’s methods. Mater. Res. Express. 6, 106404 (2019)
A. Tataroğlu, Ş Altındal, Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, Comparison of electrical properties of MS and MPS type diode in respect of (In2O3-PVP) interlayer. Phys. B: Condensed Matter. 576, 411733 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by SBB- Strategy and Budget Presidency (TR) under project number of 2016K121220.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaya, M.D., Sertel, B.C., Sonmez, N.A. et al. The current–voltage characteristics of V2O5/n-Si Schottky diodes formed with different metals. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 20284–20294 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06534-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06534-w