Abstract
The current work presents the optical, photoluminescence and ferromagnetic properties of Zn1−xNixO samples with (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20). The samples are well crystallizing in hexagonal wurtzite structure without a significant change in their lattice constants, while the crystallite size, grain size and number of unit cells in ZnO particle are increased. The residual stress is negative (compressive) and almost increases as Ni increases up to 0.10, but it is changed from negative to positive (tensile) at Ni = 0.20. The absorption and reflectance of UV spectra are increased as Ni increases up to 0.20. An absorption band centered at a wavelength of 552 nm is also observed and is gradually shifted by Ni towards longer wavelengths. Interestingly, two direct electronic transitions are found for all samples and two induced bandgaps which are decreased by Ni. While the other optical constants such as linear χ1 and non-linear third-order susceptibilities χ3, dispersion parameters (Ed, Eo), refractive indexes (no, n2), lattice dielectric constant εL, N/m*, optical and electrical conductivities (σopt, σele) are increased by Ni, the dissipation factor (tanδ) is decreased. Although some of the continuous peaks of lower PL intensities are recorded at UV band edges and slightly shifted to longer wave lengths (red shift) as Ni increases, strong UV emission peaks at about 390, 420 and 440 nm are recorded. Finally, the signature of a clear weak ferromagnetism ordering at room temperature, with evaluated magnetic parameters such as magnetization Ms, magnetic moments μ and magneto-crystalline anisotropy factor γ, is recorded for Ni ≥ 0.05 doped samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Jose, M. Abdul Khaddar, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 304–306, 810 (2001)
D.C. Look, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 80, 383 (2001)
L. Gao, Q. Li, W. Luan, H. Kawaoka, T. Sekino, K. Niihara, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85(4), 1016 (2002)
D.R. Clarke, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82(3), 485 (1999)
K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, I. Nagasawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16(8), 1361 (1977)
G.E. Pike, C.H. Seager, J. Appl. Phys. 50(5), 3414 (1979)
F. Oba, Y. Sato, T. Yamamoto, Y. Ikuhara, T. Sakuma, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86(9), 1 (2003)
Z. Zhen, K. Kato, T. Komaki, M. Yoshino, H. Yukawa, M. Morinaga, K. Morita, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 139 (2004)
M. Norouzi, M. Kolahdouz, P. Ebrahimi, M. Ganjian, R. Soleimanzadeh, K. Narimani, H. Radamson, Thin Solid Films 619, 41–47 (2016)
A. Samanta, M.N. Goswami, P.K. Mahapatra, J. Alloys Compd. 730, 399 (2018)
R. Chauhan, A. Kumar, R. Chaudhary, J. Optoelectron. Biomed. Mater. 3(1), 17 (2011)
J. Jadhav, M. Patange, S. Biswas, Carbon Sci. Tech. 5(2), 269 (2013)
H.M. Ali, A.M.A. Hakeem, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 72, 10301 (2015)
A.A. Othman, M.A. Othman, E.M.M. Ibrahim, M.A. Ali, Ceram. Int. 43, 527 (2017)
S.A. Amin, A. Sedky, Mater. Res. Express 6, 065903 (2019)
A. Sedky, A.M. Ali, M. Mohamed, Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 42 (2020)
A. Sedky, S.A. Amin, M. Mohamed, Appl. Phys. A 125, 308 (2019)
K. Ozawa, K. Mase, Physica Status Solidi (A) 207, 277–281 (2010)
J.-C. Deinert, D. Wegkamp, M. Meyer, C. Richter, M. Wolf, J. Stahler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 057602 (2014)
V.P. Zhukov, P.M. Echenique, E.V. Chulkov, Phys. Rev. B 82, 094302 (2010)
L. Jihui, H. Qiang, L. Changsheng, Y. Jinghai, L. Xue, Y. Lili, W. Dandan, Z. Hongju, G. Ming, Z. Yongjun, L. Xiaoyan, W. Maobin, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 3365 (2010)
J. Kaur, R.K. Kotnala, V. Gupta, K.C. Verma, Curr. Appl. Phys. 14(5), 637 (2014)
K. Eda, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 5, 28 (1989)
J. Han, P.Q. Mantas, A.M.R. Senos, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22, 49 (2002)
D.C. Look, J.W. Hemsky, J.R. Sizelove, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2552 (1999)
W.G. Carlson, T.K. Gupta, J. Appl. Phys. 53, 5746 (1982)
A. Sedky, M. Abu-Abdeen, A.-M. Abdel-Aziz, Phys. B 388, 266 (2007)
A. Sedky, S. Ayman, Y. Amal, Phys. B 404, 3519 (2009)
A. Sedky, E. El-Suheel, Phys. Res. Int. 2010, 1 (2010)
A.B. Glot, J. Mater. Sci. 17, 755 (2006)
A.M.R. Senos, M.R. Santos, A.P. Moreira, J.M. Vieira, Surface and interfaces of ceramic materials, in NATO ASI Series. ed. by L.C. Dufour, C.C. Monty, G. Petot-Ervas (Kluwer Academic, London, 1988)
A.M.R. Senos, J.M. Vieira, Proceedings of the international Conference Third Euro-Ceramics, in Duran P. ed. by J.F. Fernandez (Faenza Edit Rice Iberica Faenza, London, 1993)
F.K. Shan, Y.S. Yu, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 1869 (2004)
J.P. Joshi, R. Gupta, A.K. Sood, S.V. Bhat, A.R. Raju, C.N.R. Rao, Phys. Rev. B 65, 024410 (2001)
S.S. Dhar, O. Brandt, M. Ramsteiner, V.F. Sapega, K.H. Ploog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037305 (2005)
J. Hite, G.T. Thaler, R. Khanna, C.R. Abernathy, S.J. Pearton, J.H. Park, A.J. Steckl, J.M. Zavada, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 132119 (2006)
Y.K. Zhou, S.W. Choi, S. Kimura, S. Emura, S. Hasegawa, Supercond. Nov. Magn. 20, 429 (2007)
X.L. Wang, C.Y. Luan, Q. Shao, A. Pruna, C.W. Leung, R. Lortz, J.A. Zapien, A. Ruotolo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 102112 (2013)
K.R. Kittilstved, N.S. Norberg, D.R. Gamelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 147209 (2005)
T. Dietl, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 17, 377 (2002)
P.V. Radovanovic, D.R. Gamelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 157202 (2003)
A. Sedkyand, Kh.A. Ziq, Mech. Magn. Prop. 52, 99 (2012)
S. Ramachandran, J. Narayan, J.T. Prater, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 242503 (2006)
L.R. Salh, H. Zhu, W.G. Wang, B. Ali, T. Zhu, X. Fan, Y.Q. Song, Q.Y. Wen, H.W. Zhang, S.L. Saleh, Physica D 43(3), 35002 (2010)
P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K.V. Rao, F.J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J.M.O. Guillen, B. Johansson, G.A. Gehring, Nat. Mater. 2(10), 673 (2003)
A. Sedky, E. El-Suheel, Chin. Phys. B 21(11), 116103 (2012)
G. Pei, C. Xia, S. Cao, J. Zhang, F. Wu, J. Xu, J. Magn. Mater. 302(2), 340 (2006)
G. Pei, C. Xia, S. Cao, J. Zhang, Wu. Feng, Xu. Jun, JMMM 302(2), 340 (2006)
A. Sedky, Braz. J. Phys. 44(4), 305 (2014)
Ü. Özgür, A. Ya, I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, C.V. Avrutin, S.J. Cho, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 041301 (2005)
A. Sedky, S.B. Mohamed, Mater. Sci. 32(1), 16 (2014)
T. Yao, S.-K. Hong, Oxide and Nitride Semiconductors (Springer, Berlin, 2009).
T. Hanad, http://www.Springer.com/978-3-540-88846-8(2009).
S. Aksoy, Y. Caglar, S. Ilican, M. Caglar, Chem. Eng. Civ. Eng. Mech. Eng. 227, 1–8 (2010)
U. Seetawan, S. Jugsujinda, T. Seetawan, A. Ratchasin, C. Euvananont, C. Junin, C. Thanachayanont, P. Chainaronk, Mater. Sci. Appl. 2, 1302 (2011)
E. Muchuweni, T.S. Sathiaraj, H. Nyakotyo, Heliyon 3, e00285 (2017)
A. Sedky, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2, 1 (2018)
F.K. Shan, Z.F. Liu, G.X. Liu, W.J. Lee, G.H. Lee, I.S. Kim, J. Electroceram. 13, 195 (2004)
X.S. Wang, Z.C. Wu, J.F. Webb, Z.G. Liu, Appl. Phys. A 77, 561 (2003)
X. Li, X. Cao, Xu. Liang, L. Liu, Y. Wang, J. Alloys Compd 675, 90 (2016)
A. Sedky, M. Abu-Abdeen, A. Abdul-Aziz, A. Almulhem, Phys. B 388, 266 (2007)
C.M. Jay, M. Sathya, K. Pushpanathan, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 28, 394 (2015)
H.S. Wasly, J. Al-Azhar Univ. Eng. Sector 13(49), 1312 (2018)
M. Chaari, A. Matoussi, Z. Fakhfakh, Mater. Sci. Appl. 2, 765 (2011)
T.P. Rao, M.C.S. Kumar, A. Safarullaa, V. Ganesan, S.R. Barman, C. Sanjeeviraja, Phys. B 405(9), 2226 (2010)
H.C. Ong, A.X.E. Zhu, G.T. Du, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 941 (2002)
C. Wang, P. Zhang, J. Yue, Y. Zhang, L. Zheng, Phys. B 403, 2235 (2008)
D.I. Rusu, G.G. Rusu, D. Luca, Acta Phys. Pol. A 119(6), 850 (2011)
J.C. Wurst, J.A. Nelson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55, 109 (1972)
D. Bhattacharyya, S. Chaudhuri, A.K. Pal, S.K. Bhattacharyya, Vacuum 43, 1201 (1992)
J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici, A. Vancu, Phys. Status Solidi 15, 2 (1966)
A. Sedky, A.M. Ali, M. Mohamed, Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 62–78 (2020)
R. Kumar, F. Singh, B. Angadi, J.-W. Choi, W.-K. Choi, K. Jeong, J.-H. Song, M.W. Khan, J.P. Srivastava, A. Kumar, R.P. Tandon, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 113708 (2006)
E. Burstein, Phys. Rev. 93, 632 (1954)
V.P. Gupta, N.M. Ravindra, Phys. Status Solidi 100, 715 (1980)
A. Walsh, J.L.F. Da Silva, S.H. Wei, Phys. Rev. B 78, 1 (2008)
M.Y. Ali, M.K.R. Khan, A.M.M.T. Karim, M.M. Rahman, M. Kamruzzaman, Heliyon 6, e03588 (2020)
N.A. Subrahamanyam, A Text Book of Optics (BRJ Laboratoray, Delhi, 1977).
T.C.S. Girisun, S. Dhanuskodi, Cryst. Res. Technol. 44, 1297 (2009)
M. Mohamed, A.M. Abdelraheem, M.I. Abd-Elrahman, N.M.A. Hadia, E.R. Shaaban, Appl. Phys. A 125, 483 (2019)
S.H. Wemple, Phys. Rev. B 7, 3767 (1973)
M.A. Ordal, R.J. Bell, R.W. Alexander, L.L. Long, M.R. Querry, Appl. Opt. 24, 4493 (1985)
L. Tichý, H. Tichá, P. Nagels, R. Callaerts, R. Mertens, M. Vlček, Mater. Lett. 39, 122 (1999)
Y.S. Wang, P.J. Thomas, P. O’Brien, J. Phys. Chem. B 110(43), 21412 (2006)
K. Vanheusden, W.L. Warren, C.H. Seager, D.R. Tallant, J.A. Voigt, B.E. Gnade, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7983–7985 (1996)
X.M. Fan, J.S. Lian, L. Zhao, Y. Liu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 420–424 (2005)
T. Tatsumi, M. Fujita, N. Kawamoto, M. Sasajima, Y. Horikoshi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2602–2606 (2004)
K. Vanheusden, C.H. Seager, W.L. Warren, D.R. Tallant, J.A. Voigt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 403 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.116699
W. Shan, W. Walukiewicz, J.W. Ager, K.M. Yu, H.B. Yuan, H.P. Xin, G. Cantwell, J.J. Song, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 191911 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1923757
Y.W. Heo, D.P. Norton, S.J. Pearton, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 073502 (2005)
T.E. Murphy, K. Moazzami, J.D. Phillips, J. Electron. Mater. 35, 543–549 (2006)
B. Lin, Z. Fu, Y. Jia, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 943–945 (2001)
K. Potzger, S. Zhou, F. Eichhorn, M. Helm, W. Skorupa, A. Mcklich, J. Jassbender, T. Herrmannsdorfer, A. Bianchi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(1–5), 063906 (2006)
S. Rani, B. Lal, S. Saxena, S. Shukla, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 81, 586–592 (2017)
G. KrishnaReddy, A. JagannathaReddy, R. HariKrishna, B.M. Nagabhushana, G. RamGopal, J. Asian Ceram. Soc. 5, 350–356 (2017)
Q. Xu, S. Zhou, H. Schmidt, J. Alloys Compd. 487, 665–667 (2009)
E.E. Ateia, L.M. Salah, A.A.H. El-Bassuony, Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 25, 1362 (2015)
A.A.H. El-Bassuony, H.K. Abdelsalam, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-4340-x
G. Srinet, R. Kumar, V. Sajal, J. Appl. Phys. 114, 033912 (2013)
J.M.D. Coey, K. Wongsaprom, J. Alaria, M. Venkatesan, J. Phys. D 41, 134012 (2008)
J.M.D. Coey, S.A. Chambers, MRS Bull. 33, 1053 (2008)
Acknowledgements
This research has been funded by Research Deanship in University of Ha’il-Saudi Arabia through Project Number RG-20133. The authors thank Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il-Saudi Arabia for funding this research project
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohamed, M., Sedky, A., Alshammari, A.S. et al. Optical, photoluminescence and ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO for optoelectronic applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 5186–5198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05250-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05250-9