Abstract
Magnesium-iron chromium oxides (Mg0.2Cr1.8−x Fe x O3 with x varying from 0.3 to 0.9) produced by hydrothermal process in a stirred pressure reactor from pure metal chlorides have been annealed at 700 °C. Single phase corundum structure and nanophase structure of the as-synthesized samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Instead of the correlation between H EB and D XRD observed at T A = 600 °C, we find significant changes. The H EB increases with decreasing particle size reaches a maximum at ~43 nm (x = 0.5) then decreases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Nogués, J. Sort, V. Langlais, V. Skumryev, S. Suriñach, J.S. Muñoz, M.D. Baró, Exchange bias in nanostructures. Phys. Rep. 422(3), 65–117 (2005)
W.H. Meiklejohn, C.P. Bean, New magnetic anisotropy. Phys. Rev. 102, 1413–1414 (1956)
D. Fiorani, L. Del Bianco, A.M. Testa, K.N. Trohidou, Exchange bias in Co nanoparticles embedded in an Mn matrix. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 316(2), 155–158 (2007)
M. Gruyters, Surface structure of ultrafin Fe films on Cu(001) revisited. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 077204 (2005)
C. Martínez-Boubeta, K. Simeonidis, M. Angelakeris, N. Pazos-Pérez, M. Giersig, A. Delimitis, L. Nalbandian, V. Alexandrakis, D. Niarchos, Critical radius for exchange bias in naturally oxidized Fe nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B 74(5), 054430 (2006)
W. Luo and F. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(10), 2907 (2007)
D. Niebieskikwiat, M.B. Salamon, Intrinsic interface exchange coupling of ferromagnetic nanodomains in a charge ordered manganite. Phys. Rev. B 72, 174422 (2005)
T. Zhang, T.F. Zhou, T. Qian, X.G. Li, Phys. Rev. B 76, 174415 (2007)
K. Mbela, T. Moyo, J.Z. Msomi, Magnetic studies of Sn0.2Cr1.8−xFexO3 compounds prepared via the hydrothermal route. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 385, 282–285 (2015)
K. Mbela, T. Moyo, J.Z. Msomi, Tin, manganese doped chromium iron oxides of composition α-Sn0.2Cr1.8−xFexO3 and Mn0.2Cr1.8−xFexO3. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 25, 2637–2641 (2012)
K. Mbela, T. Moyo, J.Z. Msomi, M. öztürk, N. Akdogan, Synthesis and magnetic properties of Mg0.2Cr1.8−xFexO3 nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 330, 159–162 (2013)
N. Moutis, C. Christides, I. Panagiotopoulos, D. Niarchos, Exchange coupling properties of La1−xCaxMnO3 ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 64, 094429 (2001)
X.H. Huang, J.F. Ding, G.Q. Zhang, Y. Hou, Y.P. Yao, X.G. Li, Size dependent exchange bias in La0.25Ca0.75MnO3. Phys. Rev. B 78, 224408 (2008)
A. Ślawska-Waniewska, P. Didukh, J.M. Greneche, P.C. Fannin, Mossbauer and magnetisation studies of CoFe2O4 particles in a magnetic fluid. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 215–216, 227–230 (2000)
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the financial support from the DST/NRF (South Africa) and University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). We are also grateful to the Electron Microscopy Unit at UKZN (WC) for TEM measurements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mbela, K., Moyo, T. & Osman, N.S. Effect of annealing on exchange bias in Mg0.2FexCr1.8−xO3 nano oxides. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 8916–8922 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4919-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4919-1