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Review: Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxides

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Abstract

Oxygen-deficient/non-stoichiometric tungsten oxides are a distinct class between two only stoichiometric tungsten oxides, i.e., WO3 and WO2. The WO3 could be termed as a parent structure while understanding the non-stoichiometric tungsten oxides. The oxygen vacancies (Ovacs) induced in the parent (WO3) structures cause the re-adjustment of atomic arrangement to compensate for the oxygen deficiency and follow the crystal chemistry. The degree of Ovacs determines the range of WO3-x. The W18O49 (WO2.722) is the highest oxygen-deficient stable phase. These non-stoichiometric oxides proved superior to WO3 for various applications. Thus, the composition, chemistry, crystallography, synthesis, and formation mechanisms of such materials have been elaborated. Further, the superiority of the materials in view of few applications is well discussed. Finally, the importance of non-stoichiometry/Ovacs in metal oxides for various functional applications can be understood.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology (SERB-DST), Government of India.

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This study was funded by SERB-DST, Government of India (ECR/2016/001081).

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  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India

    Suresh Bandi & Ajeet K. Srivastav

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Bandi, S., Srivastav, A.K. Review: Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxides. J Mater Sci 56, 6615–6644 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05757-2

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