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Aligned-graphene composites: a review

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Abstract

Graphene and its derivatives (G) are promising nanofillers with the ability to boost versatile properties of composites despite the low addition due to their combined excellent performances. Moreover, aligning G into various matrices can achieve stronger improvement in properties compared to composites with randomly distributed G. Aligning G is an effective strategy to take full advantage of its properties. In the present work, the state-of-the-art progress in preparations and resulted properties of aligned-graphene (and aligned-graphene derivatives) composites (AGCs) is comprehensively reviewed. The mechanisms of various preparation methods are presented, such as liquid crystal method, vacuum filtration method, and combinations of vacuum filtration and spark plasma sintering method, for both polymer-based and metal-based AGCs. Furthermore, the relevant influencing factors in procedures are analyzed. In addition, influences of aligned-graphene (and aligned-graphene derivatives) on the resulting electric, thermal, and mechanical properties have been discussed and the reasons why AGCs possessed better properties have been summarized. Current challenges associated with AGCs and the pathways toward future progress in AGCs are discussed.

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Figure 1

(see Ref. [17])

Figure 2
Figure 3

(see Ref. [29])

Figure 4

(in Ref. [38])

Figure 5

(see Refs. [44] and [46], respectively)

Figure 6

(see Refs. [54] and [59], respectively)

Figure 7

(see Ref. [87])

Figure 8
Figure 9

(Refs. [107] and [100], respectively)

Figure 10

(Ref. [118])

Figure 11

(Ref. [21])

Figure 12

(Ref. [142])

Figure 13

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Abbreviations

G:

Graphene and its derivatives

GO:

Graphene oxide

FLG:

Functional graphene

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

TTD:

Through-thickness direction of graphene (graphene derivatives)

EMI:

Electromagnetic interference

LC:

Liquid crystal method

LBL:

Layer-by-layer self-assemble method

UFC:

Unidirectional freeze-casting method

VFSPS:

Vacuum filtration and spark plasma sintering method

GAD:

Graphene (graphene derivative) aqueous dispersions

AG:

Aligned-graphene (aligned-graphene derivatives)

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

EP:

Epoxy

PAA:

Poly(amic acid)

EMF:

Exerting magnetic field method

G-Fe3O4 :

Fe3O4 anchored graphene (graphene derivatives)

DC:

Direct current

1D:

One dimensional

G-diamine:

Diamine-modified graphene

PDDA:

Poly(diallyldiamine chloride)

AGLCs:

Aligned-graphene (aligned-graphene derivative) laminated composites

CTAB:

Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

SLS:

Sodium lignosulfonate

GA:

Graphene (graphene derivative) aerogel

FETs:

Field effect transistors

SPS:

Spark plasma sintering

CVDS:

Growing graphene by chemical vapor deposition onto surface of metals and sintering the graphene/metals sheets

α :

Specific area

RG:

Random-graphene (random-graphene derivatives)

PAMPs:

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)

KH550-G:

KH550-modified graphene

PI:

Polyimide

PEM/PSS/PAH:

Polyelectrolyte/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride)

PS-GO:

Polystyrene-grafted graphene oxide

SSBR-BR:

Solution styrene butadiene/butadiene rubber

λ :

Thermal conductivity

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

CA:

Cellulose acetate

2D:

Two dimensional

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

TIM:

Thermal interface materials

IPD:

In-plane direction of graphene (graphene derivatives)

AGCs:

Aligned-graphene (aligned-graphene derivative) composites

RGCs:

Random-graphene (random-graphene derivative) composites

VF:

Vacuum filtration method

SEI:

Solvent evaporation induction method

RPS:

Replication of the ordered porous structure method

LMPG:

Liquid mixtures of polymers and graphene (graphene derivatives)

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

GCA:

Graphene carboxylic acid

PU:

Polyurethane

PVDF-HFP:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

EEF:

Exerting electric field method

3D:

Three dimensional

AC:

Alternating current

PVA:

Poly vinyl alcohol

MG:

Multilayer G

PSS:

Poly(styrene sulfonate)

MGACs:

Monolithic aligned-graphene (aligned-graphene derivative) composites

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

PET:

Polybutylene terephthalate

SBR:

Styrene butadiene rubber

PECVD:

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

Pc:

Percolation threshold value

rGO-Fe3O4 :

Fe3O4 anchored reduced graphene oxide

UHMWPE:

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

PEEK:

Poly(ether ether ketone)

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythipphene)

PSI-GO:

Poly(styrene-co-isoprene)-grafted graphene oxide

BTESPT:

Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide

VTMS-GO:

Vinyl tri-methoxysilane grated graphene oxide

FGS:

Fluorinated graphene

σ :

Electronic conductivity

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2018GZ0459).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    Fei Wang & Jian Mao

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Haoyu Wang

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  1. Fei Wang
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Correspondence to Jian Mao.

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Wang, F., Wang, H. & Mao, J. Aligned-graphene composites: a review. J Mater Sci 54, 36–61 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2849-4

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