Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Cyclic loading and marine environment effects on the properties of HDPE umbilical cables

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work presents a study of the effects of cyclic loading and marine environment on the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) used in the external layer of submarine cables. Two different types of samples were tested. The first type was tested in the as-received condition whereas the second one was taken from the cyclic-loaded material. The cyclic-load test was carried out in a device, according to the API 17E standard (API 17E-98, Specification for sub sea production control umbilicas). These samples were submitted to a process of artificial aging. All the specimens were submitted to tensile test and the analysis and comparison of the results showed that HDPE suffered alterations in its mechanical behavior, especially the material submitted to cyclic loading. Both aged and as-received samples were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and their hardness was also measured. The results showed that the cyclic loading, the seawater and the ultraviolet radiations accelerated the degradation process of HDPE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. API 17E-98, Specification for sub sea production control umbilicals

  2. ISO 10423:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industrie–Drilling and production equipment–Wellhead and Christmas Tree equipment

  3. Cárdenas NO, Gonçalves E (2003) In: Pesce CP (ed) Proceeding of the 17th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering COBEM, November 2003, São Paulo, Brazil, p 339

  4. White JR, Turnbull A (1994) Review, J Mater Sci 29:584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Quintela JP, Alves TMJ (2002) Atmospheric corrosion in flexible lines due to damage on external plastic layer, Technical Report PETROBRAS 45:6

  6. Valadez-Gonzalez A, Veleva L (2004) Polym Degrad Stab 83:139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rosa DS, Angelini JMG, Agnelli JAM, Mei LHI (2005) Polym Test XX:1

    Google Scholar 

  8. Teh JW, White JR, Andrews EH (1979) Polymer 20:755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sehanobish K, Moet A, Chudnovsky A (1987) Polymer 28:1315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kasakevich ML, Moet A, Chudnovsky A (1990) Polymer 31:435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ei-Hakeem HM, Culver LE (1981) Int J Fatig 1:3

    Google Scholar 

  12. Meyer RW, Pruitt LA (2001) Polymer 42:5293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. ASTM D150-98, Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation

  14. ASTM D 638-03, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

  15. ASTM D 746-04 Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact

  16. ASTM D 792-00, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement

  17. ASTM D 1238-04c, Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer

  18. ASTM D 1505-03, Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique

  19. ASTM D 1693-05, Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics

  20. ASTM D 3895-04, Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

  21. ASTM D 4329-99, Standard Practice for Fluorescent ULTRAVIOLET Exposure of Plastics

  22. ASTM G 154-00a, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light apparatus for ULTRAVIOLET Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

  23. ASTM D 1141-98, Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water

  24. ASTM D 2240-03, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness

  25. Lin N, Argon AS (1994) J Mater Sci 29:294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu K, Piggott R (1998) Polym Eng Sci 38:60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ward IM, Sweeney J (2004) A introduction to the mechanical properties of solid polymers. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

  28. Meyers MA, Chawla KK (1999) Mechanical behavior of materials. Prentice Hall, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  29. Qayyum MM, White JR (1985) J Mater Sci 20:2557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) for financial support and to the Center of Naval and Oceanic Structures (CENO-Brazil) of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical System Engineering, Polytechnic School University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2231, CEP-05508900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Nelson O. Cárdenas, Izabel Fernanda Machado & Edison Gonçalves

Authors
  1. Nelson O. Cárdenas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Izabel Fernanda Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Edison Gonçalves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Izabel Fernanda Machado.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cárdenas, N.O., Machado, I.F. & Gonçalves, E. Cyclic loading and marine environment effects on the properties of HDPE umbilical cables. J Mater Sci 42, 6935–6941 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1313-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1313-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation