Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structure formation in polyaniline-based polymer blends

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper provides evidences on the feasibility of using an in-situ deformation process to produce elongated structures of a polyaniline complex (PANI CX), embedded in the bulk of filament-like polymer composites, and longitudinally oriented along the composites' main axial direction. The polyaniline complex was thermally blended with polystyrene- polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) at different weight compositions, and the resultant blends were capillary extruded into filaments. The extrudates' microstructure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the analysis revealed a phase- separated morphology in the extrudates, which consisted of elongated domains of PANI CX embedded in the bulk of the SBS. The elongated structures displayed a considerable degree of uniformity and continuity, and were preferentially oriented in the extrusion direction. The formation of these structures was ascribed to a combination of factors, the main ones including elongational and shearing flows occurring in the molten/softened blends during the processing, and the stresses transferred from the highly viscous matrix to the particles of the PANI complex filler.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. DALAS, J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. E. VIRTANEN, J. LAAKSO, H. RUOHONEN, K. VäKIPARTA, H. JäRVINEN, M. JUSSILA, P. PASSINIEMI and J. E. ÖSTERHOLM, Synth. Met. 84 (1997) 113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. E. HARLEV, T. GULAKHMEDOVA, I. RUBINOVICH and G. AIZENSHTEIN, Adv. Mater. 8 (1996) 994.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. CAO, G. M. TREACY, P. SMITH and A. J. HEEGER, Synth. Met. 55–57 (1993) 3526.

    Google Scholar 

  5. C. Y. WU and A. BENATAR, Polym. Eng. Sci. 37 (1997) 738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. ANAND, S. PALANIAPPAN and D. N. SATHYANARAYANA, Prog. Polym. Sci. 23 (1998) 993.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. OLMEDO, P. HOURQUEBIE and F. JOUSSE, Synth. Met. 69 (1995) 205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. D. R. HULL, US Patent No. 3803453 (1974).

  9. L. E. BLACKMON, J. D. FORSTER and W. J. NUNNING, US Patent No. 5277855 (1994).

  10. N. W. BOE, US Patent No. 3969559 (1976).

  11. J. R. DE HOWITT, US Patent No. 4612150 (1986).

  12. D. J. RODINI, US Patent No. 5026603 (1991).

  13. Idem., US Patent No. 5001813 (1991).

  14. L. E. RASNICK JR. and A. L. BELCHER JR, US Patent No. 6332253 B1 (2001).

  15. J. R. GREEN, US Patent No. 6057032 (2000).

  16. F. EHTAIATKAR, M. J. FOLKES and S. C. STEADMAN, J. Mater. Sci. 24 (1989) 2808.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. J. FOLKES and P. W. REIP, Polymer 27 (1986) 377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. T. S. CHUNG, in “Advances in Polymer Blends and Alloys Technology”, edited by M. A. Kohudic (Technomic Publishing Company, Inc., USA, 1988) Vol. 1 p. 175.

  19. O. T. IKKALA, J. LAAKSO, K. VäKIPARTA, E. VIRTANEN, H. RUOHONEN, H. JäRVINEN, T. TAKA, P. PASSINIEMI, J. E. ÖSTERHOLM, Y. CAO, A. ANDREATTA, P. SMITH and A. J. HEEGER, Synth. Met. 69 (1995) 97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. ZILBERMAN, G. I. TITELMAN, A. SIEGMANN, Y. HABA, M. NARKIS and D. ALPERSTEIN, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 66 (1997) 243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. W. SHACKLETTE, C. C. HAN and M. H. LULY, Synth. Met. 55–57 (1993) 3532.

    Google Scholar 

  22. F. LUX, Polymer 35 (1994) 2915.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. C. CHIANG and A. G. MACDIARMID, Synth. Met. 13 (1986) 193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. V. G. KULKARNI, L. D. CAMPBELL and W. R. MATHEW, ibid. 30 (1989) 321.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. REGHU, Y. CAO, D. MOSES and A. J. HEEGER, ibid. 57 (1993) 5020.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. W. P. HSU and K. S. HO, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 66 (1997) 2095.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. CAO, P. SMITH and A. J. HEEGER, Synth. Met. 57 (1993) 3514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. T. VIKKI, L. O. PIETILä, H. ÖSTERHOLM, L. AHJOPALO, A. TAKALA, A. TOIVO, K. LEVON, P. PASSINIEMI and O. IKKALA, Macromolecules 29 (1996) 2945.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. J. DAVIES, T. G. RYAN, C. J. WILDE and G. BEYER, Synth. Met. 69 (1995) 209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. WEI, J. M. YEH, D. JIN, X. JIA, J. WANG, G. W. JANG, C. CHEN and R. W. GUMBS, Chem. Mater. 7 (1995) 969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. W. LUZNY, T. KANIOWSKI and A. PRON, Polymer 39 (1998) 475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. H. CRUZ-ESTRADA and M. J. FOLKES, J. Mater. Sci. 35 (2000) 5065.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Idem., in Proceedings of the 58th Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition-ANTEC 2000, Orlando, FL, May 7–11, 2000 (Society of Plastics Engineers, 2000) Vol. 1–3, p. 2495.

  34. R. H. CRUZ-ESTRADA, Ph.D. thesis, Brunel University, 2002.

  35. Idem., J. Mater. Sci. 39 (2004) 511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. A. BRYDSON, “Flow Properties of Polymer Melts” (The Plastics Institute, London, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Standard Test Method D 3835-02, in “Annual book of ASTM standards” (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 2003) Vol. 08.02, p. 498.

  38. S. Y. LEE and S. C. KIM, Polym. Eng. Sci. 37 (1997) 463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. C. WONG, Y. W. MAI and Y. LENG, Ibid. 38 (1998) 156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. L. A. UTRACKI and Z. H. SHI, Ibid. 32 (1992) 1824.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H. J. O'DONNELL and D. G. BAIRD, Polymer 36 (1995) 3113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. S. BASTIDA, J. I. EGUIAZáBAL and J. NAZáBAL, Polym. Comp. 17 (1996) 919.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. L. PAN and B. LIANG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70 (1998) 1035.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. F. BOYAUD, P. CASSAGNAU and A. MICHEL, Polym. Eng. Sci. 41 (2001) 684.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. WU, Ibid. 27 (1987) 335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. “The Plastics Compendium, Key Properties and Sources”, Vol. 1, edited by M. C. Hough and R. Dolbey (Rapra Technology Ltd., UK, 1995).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México

    Ricardo H. Cruz-Estrada & Carlos V. Cupul-Manzano

Authors
  1. Ricardo H. Cruz-Estrada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carlos V. Cupul-Manzano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cruz-Estrada, R.H., Cupul-Manzano, C.V. Structure formation in polyaniline-based polymer blends. J Mater Sci 40, 6571–6579 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1546-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1546-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation