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Microtopography determines the habitat quality of a threatened peatland butterfly at its southern range margin

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Abstract

Knowledge of the ecology of pre-adult stages of an organism at its species’ range margins is a prerequisite for conserving species, especially for understanding its responses to future climate changes. Largely sedentary premature life stages require specific living conditions within a relatively small area. Such conditions are created by vegetation structure heterogeneity and a microclimate gradient, generated by varying microtopography. We investigated the microhabitat selection patterns of egg-laying females and overwintering caterpillars of peatland butterfly Coenonympha tullia relative to vegetation composition, water quantity and microclimatic conditions across microtopographic zones of transition mire at the species’ southern range margin. We showed that (1) small-scale variability in mire microtopography determines oviposition site selection and larval presence; (2) microhabitats of pre-adult stages were largely confined to the intermediate microtopographic zone of the transition mire (flats); (3) egg-laying females and overwintered larvae preferred microsites with high coverage of main hostplants (Trichophorum alpinum, Carex lasiocarpa, C. limosa, C. panicea), and those with more humid and cooler summertime conditions than on hummocks; (4) females and larvae avoided shallow hollows permanently filled with water. The vegetation structure of flats enables the females to select spots with sufficient humidity for egg development, and allows the larvae to change their location according to suitable thermal and moisture conditions. We also discuss poor prospects for species in view of impacts of future climate changes on mire ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to two anonymous referees for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript. We thank E. Turk and F. Küzmič for the English revision of a previous version of the manuscript, and I. Sajko for making the map (Fig. 1). We are grateful to the landlords for allowing us to access the study area. Permission for the field study of C. tullia was accorded to the authors by the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial planning of Republic of Slovenia (No. 35601-140/2009–6). The study was funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (P1-0236).

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    Tatjana Čelik & Branko Vreš

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Čelik, T., Vreš, B. Microtopography determines the habitat quality of a threatened peatland butterfly at its southern range margin. J Insect Conserv 22, 707–720 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0095-3

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