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Suitability of Tisochrysis lutea at different growth phases as an enrichment diet for Brachionus plicatilis sp. complex rotifers

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Abstract

In larviculture of marine finfish, Tisochrysis lutea cultured cells have a potential to be a sustainable enrichment diet for rotifers due to its de novo synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To improve its effectiveness in rotifer enrichment for later larviculture, we determined which growth phase of T. lutea can enhance DHA in polar lipids (PLs) in Brachionus plicatilis sp. complex rotifers without reducing their vigor. Tisochrysis lutea was harvested at logarithmic growth phase, deceleration growth phase, and stationary phase. The ambient concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), and fatty acid composition of microalgae were measured. P was limited between logarithmic and deceleration growth phases, followed by N starvation in stationary phase. Total lipid DHA was lowest in logarithmic growth phase, whereas DHA levels increased in deceleration growth phase and maintained at high levels even in stationary phase. PL-DHA also increased during deceleration growth phase, although its abundance dropped during stationary phase. In a rotifer enrichment trial, T. lutea harvested in each phase were fed to B. plicatilis sp. complex rotifers for 12 h. The highest PL-DHA value for cells in deceleration growth phase reflected the concentrations of the rotifers. No significant differences were found in rotifer growth rate and egg ratio. Rotifers fed cells in deceleration growth phase exhibited higher swimming speeds than those fed the other cells, potentially linking to increased larval capture success. Therefore, we recommend the deceleration growth phase as an optimal timing for T. lutea harvest for the effective enrichment of B. plicatilis sp. complex rotifers.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Yutaka Takeuchi for lending us a VHX-2000 digital microscope. We wish to thank Professor Atsushi Hagiwara for critical comments on the nutritional enrichment of rotifers. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance from members of the Laboratory of Larval Rearing Management at Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University.

Funding

This work was supported by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (#28-508). Also, we received Functional Enhancement Expenses in Kagoshima University Operating Cost Grant “Advanced research infrastructure of biology and physiology of eel species inhabiting in Southern Kyushu, Japan, Taiwan and South East Asia and Creation of Industry-academia-government network to induce the social implementation of those research result.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata 4-50-20, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan

    Hideaki Matsui, Manabu Ishikawa & Tomonari Kotani

  2. Institute of Aquaculture College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines

    Modesto Melden Briones Intoy

  3. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Viliame Waqalevu, Manabu Ishikawa & Tomonari Kotani

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  1. Hideaki Matsui
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  2. Modesto Melden Briones Intoy
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  3. Viliame Waqalevu
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  4. Manabu Ishikawa
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  5. Tomonari Kotani
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Contributions

HM designed the study and experiments. HM and MMBI conducted the experiments and collected the data. HM prepared a draft of the article and revised it with VW. MI provided the methodologies for GC analysis. HM and VW performed data analyses. TK supervised the studies. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hideaki Matsui.

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Matsui, H., Intoy, M.M.B., Waqalevu, V. et al. Suitability of Tisochrysis lutea at different growth phases as an enrichment diet for Brachionus plicatilis sp. complex rotifers. J Appl Phycol 32, 3933–3947 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02216-y

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