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On the description of Tisochrysis lutea gen. nov. sp. nov. and Isochrysis nuda sp. nov. in the Isochrysidales, and the transfer of Dicrateria to the Prymnesiales (Haptophyta)

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An Erratum to this article was published on 20 March 2014

Abstract

The Isochrysidaceae is a family of non-calcifying organisms within the haptophyte order Isochrysidales. Isochrysis galbana, a species widely used as a food source in aquaculture, is the best-known representative of this family that contains three genera but only six described species. We sequenced partial nuclear small subunit (SSU) and large subunit rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 genes of 34 isochrysidacean culture strains (including authentic strains when available) and compared molecular phylogenetic inferences with cytological and ultrastructural observations. The isochrysidaceaen culture strain Isochrysis affinis galbana (Tahiti isolate), widely used in aquaculture and commonly known as T-Iso, is clearly genetically distinct from Isochrysis galbana, despite seemingly being morphologically identical. A strain with a similar ultrastructure to that of Isochrysis galbana except for the lack of body scales had sequences that were more similar to but still distinct from those of Isochrysis galbana. Dicrateria inornata, a species that lacks body scales, is classified within the Isochrysidaceae, but the SSU rDNA sequence of the authentic strain of this species matches that of Imantonia rotunda within another haptophye order, the Prymnesiales. D. inornata and Imantonia rotunda have similar ultrastructure except for the respective absence/presence of scales. These results lead us to propose the erection of one new genus (Tisochrysis gen. nov.) and two new species (Tisochrysis lutea sp. nov. and Isochrysis nuda sp. nov.). D. inornata is reclassified within the Prymnesiales, and Imantonia rotunda is transferred to this genus (Dicrateria rotunda comb. nov.).

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Acknowledgments

We thank Richard Pipe and Maria Jutson from the Plymouth Culture Collection and Benoit Véron and Bertrand Le Roy from the Algobank Culture Collection for providing Isochrysidales strains. From the Station Biologique de Roscoff, we thank Morgan Perennou and Gwen Tanguy from the GENOMER platform and Sophie Le Panse from the microscopy platform for technical assistance. We are also grateful to Bruno de Reviers for helpful discussions on taxonomic details and the three anonymous reviewers who helped in improving this study. This work was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Region Bretagne (EMB) and by the following research programs: the EC FP7–“European Project on Ocean Acidification” (EPOCA, grant agreement 211384; EMB, DCS, CdV), the EU FP7 I3 program ASSEMBLE (grant 227799), the Interreg IV program MARINEXUS (IP) and the EU EraNet BiodivERsA program “Biodiversity of Marine euKaryotes” (BioMarKs; CdV).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Groupe Plancton, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-UPMC (Université Paris-06), UMR 7144, 29682, Roscoff Cedex, France

    El Mahdi Bendif & Colomban de Vargas

  2. Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-UPMC (Université Paris-06), FR2424, 29682, Roscoff Cedex, France

    Ian Probert

  3. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK

    Declan C. Schroeder

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  1. El Mahdi Bendif
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  4. Colomban de Vargas
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Correspondence to El Mahdi Bendif.

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Bendif, E.M., Probert, I., Schroeder, D.C. et al. On the description of Tisochrysis lutea gen. nov. sp. nov. and Isochrysis nuda sp. nov. in the Isochrysidales, and the transfer of Dicrateria to the Prymnesiales (Haptophyta). J Appl Phycol 25, 1763–1776 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0037-0

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