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Corrosion evaluation of Ti–6Al–4V manufactured by electron beam melting in Ringer’s physiological solution: an in vitro study of the passive film

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Abstract

Electrochemical characteristics and semiconducting behavior of additively manufactured electron beam melted (EBM) and wrought (WR) Ti–6Al–4V (Ti-G5) are compared in Ringer’s physiological solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirmed the α + β structure of the tested materials, with two different microstructure types of “bimodal” and “basket-weave” for WR and EBM, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) revealed that the corrosion current density for EBM (icorr = 0.27 ± 0.06 μA cm−2) is less than the WR (icorr = 0.70 ± 0.05 μA cm−2). Moreover, potentiostatic polarization (PS) that was employed to form the passive layers at three different potentials of 300, 500, and 700 mVAg/AgCl, showed that the passive films on the EBM sample are thinner. This finding was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, through Mott–Schottky (M–S) analysis, donor densities on WR passive films were found to be ~ 1.5 times larger than EBM. Although PS and EIS confirmed that the passive layer on EBM is thinner, it provides higher corrosion resistance than WR. The passive layer on both samples were found to have n-type characteristics with a duplex structure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of British Columbia for providing research facilities and financial support to conduct this research project. Also, Dr. Guilhem Martin from GPM2 group at the Université Grenoble Alpes in France and TIMET are gratefully acknowledged for providing the EBM and WR materials of this study, respectively. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. This document is "SAND2022-1721 J" .

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Mohammadali Shahsavari, Amin Imani, Rebecca Filardo Schaller & Edouard Asselin

  2. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Rebecca Filardo Schaller

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  1. Mohammadali Shahsavari
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  2. Amin Imani
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  3. Rebecca Filardo Schaller
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  4. Edouard Asselin
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Contributions

MS contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, and writing and preparation of the original draft; AI contributed to conceptualization, methodology, and investigation; RFS contributed to resources and writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript; EA contributed to conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript, supervision, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Mohammadali Shahsavari.

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Shahsavari, M., Imani, A., Schaller, R.F. et al. Corrosion evaluation of Ti–6Al–4V manufactured by electron beam melting in Ringer’s physiological solution: an in vitro study of the passive film. J Appl Electrochem 52, 1003–1019 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-022-01683-0

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