Abstract
A tripartite quantum operation sharing protocol is proposed by utilizing a five-qubit absolutely maximally entangled (AME) state presented by Helwig et al. (Phys. Rev. A 86, 052335 (2012). The security of the proposed protocol is analyzed and ensured. The essential role of the state in this quantum task is explained. The protocol determinacy and the sharer asymmetry are identified. The experimental feasibility of the proposed protocol is discussed and confirmed. Moreover, the protocol is compared with Peng’s tripartite protocol using a six-qubit AME state [Quantum Inf Process 14, 4255 (2015)] and its distinct advantages of consuming less quantum resources, degrading the intensity of necessary operations, and owning the higher intrinsic efficiency, are revealed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., Rosen, N.: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)
Bohr, N.: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 48, 696 (1935)
Ekert, A.K.: Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991)
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Mermin, N.D.: Quantum cryptography without Bells theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)
Bennett, C.H., et al.: Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 557 (1993)
Hillery, M., Buzek, V., Berthiaume, A.: Quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 59, 1829 (1999)
Zhang, Z.J., Man, Z.X.: Multiparty quantum secret sharing of classical messages based on entanglement swapping. Phys. Rev. A 72, 022303 (2005)
Zhang, Z.J., Li, Y., Man, Z.X.: Multiparty quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 71, 044301 (2005)
Wang, C., et al.: Quantum secure direct communication with high-dimension quantum superdense coding. Phys. Rev. A 71, 044305 (2005)
Yan, F.L., Gao, T.: Quantum secret sharing between multiparty and multiparty without entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 72, 012304 (2005)
Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003)
Deng, F.G., Long, G.L.: Controlled order rearrangement encryption for quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042315 (2003)
Bennett, C.H., et al.: Remote state preparation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 077902 (2001)
Cheung, C.Y., Zhang, Z.J.: Criterion for faithful teleportation with an arbitrary multiparticle channel. Phys. Rev. A 80, 022327 (2009)
Zhang, Z.J., Liu, Y.M.: Perfect teleportation of arbitrary n-qudit states using different quantum channels. Phys. Lett. A 372, 28 (2007)
Bouwmeester, D., et al.: Experimental quantum teleportation. Nature 390, 575 (1997)
Huelga, S.F., Vaccaro, J.A., Chefles, A.: Quantum remote control: Teleportation of unitary operations. Phys. Rev. A 63, 042303 (2001)
Zhang, Z.J., Cheung, C.Y.: Shared quantum remote control: quantum operation sharing. J. Phys. B 44, 165508 (2011)
Ye, B.L., Liu, Y.M., Liu, X.S., Zhang, Z.J.: Remotely sharing single-qubit operation with five-qubit genuine state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 30, 020301 (2013)
Xie, C.M., et al.: Probabilistic three-party sharing of operation on a remote qubit. Entropy 17, 814 (2015)
Duan, Y.J., Zha, X.W.: Remotely sharing a single-qubit operation via a six-qubit entangled state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54, 877 (2015)
Ji, Q.B., et al.: Tripartite quantum operation sharing with two asymmetric three-qubit W states in five entanglement structures. Quantum Inf. Process. 13, 1659 (2014)
Xing, H., et al.: Four-party deterministic operation sharing with six-qubit cluster state. Quantum Inf. Process. 13, 1553 (2014)
Ji, Q.B., et al.: Quantum operation sharing with symmetric and asymmetric W states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12, 2453 (2013)
Wang, S.F., Liu, Y.M., Zhang, Z.J.: Deterministic single-qubit operation sharing with five-qubit cluster state. Quantum Inf. Process. 12, 2497 (2013)
Liu, D.C., Liu, Y.M., Zhang, Z.J.: Shared quantum control via sharing operation on remote single qutrit. Quantum Inf. Process. 12, 3527 (2013)
Peng, J.: Tripartite operation sharing with a six-particle maximally entangled state. Quant. Inf. Process. 14, 4255 (2015)
Peng, J.: Tripartite operation sharing with a five-qubit Brown state. Quant. Inf. Process. 15, 2465 (2016)
Zhang, Z.J., Zhang, W.B., Ye, B.L.: Tripartite quantum operation sharing with six-qubit entangled state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 59, 1605 (2020)
Helwig, W., et al.: Absolute maximal entanglement and quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 86, 052335 (2012)
Riebe, M., et al.: Deterministic quantum teleportation with atoms. Nature 429, 734 (2004)
Barrett, M.D., et al.: Deterministic quantum teleportation of atomic qubits. Nature 429, 737 (2004)
Solano, E., et al.: Reliable teleportation in trapped ions. Eur. Phys. J. D 13, 121 (2001)
Bouwmeester, D., et al.: Experimental quantum teleportation. Nature 390, 575 (1997)
Boschi, D., et al.: Experimental realization of teleporting an unknown pure quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1121 (1998)
Ikram, M., et al.: Quantum teleportation of an entangled state. Phys. Rev. A 62, 022307 (2000)
Zheng, S.B.: Scheme for approximate conditional teleportation of an unknown atomic state without the Bell-state measurement. Phys. Rev. A 69, 064302 (2004)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) under Grant Nos.12075205 and 11905131.
Funding
Prof. Z. Zhang is supported by NNSFC No.12075205, and B. Ye is supported by NNSFC No.11905131.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Prof. Z. Zhang conceived and supervised the project. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Z., Deng, L., Zhang, L. et al. Efficient Tripartite Quantum Operation Sharing with Five-Qubit Absolutely Maximally Entangled State. Int J Theor Phys 60, 2583–2591 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04684-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04684-x