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State-of-the-Art Survey of Quantum Cryptography

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Abstract

In today Internet era, confidential information transmitted over an insecure channel. With the significant development in the area of quantum computing, there is a need for unconditional security in confidential information. Quantum key distribution protocols are proven secure if all devices are perfect (in terms of technologies and proper protocol operations). The major challenges in quantum communication are secret key rate, distance, cost and size of QKD devices. The purpose of this survey article is to carry out a systematic review in the area of quantum cryptography by covering various aspects of non-deterministic quantum key distribution protocols, quantum secure direct communication, semi-quantum key distribution, secure multiparty communication protocol, post-quantum cryptography and device-independent cryptography techniques. In addition, we also discussed various experimental work carried out in the area of quantum cryptography, various attacks and challenges relative to the paradigm shift from classical cryptography to quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography will become a future replacement of classical cryptography techniques after the development of the first physical quantum computer.

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Abbreviations

PNS:

Photon number splitting

CHSH:

Clauser Horne Shimony Holt

QBER:

Quantum bit error rate

RSA:

Rivest Shamir Adleman

DES:

Data encryption standard

QKD:

Quantum key distribution

QSDC:

Quantum secure direct communication

SQKD:

Semi-quantum key distribution

SMPC:

Secure multiparty communication

ASQKD:

Authenticated semi-quantum key distribution

DIQKD:

Device independent quantum key distribution

EPR:

Einstein Podolsky Rosen

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    Ajay Kumar & Sunita Garhwal

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Kumar, A., Garhwal, S. State-of-the-Art Survey of Quantum Cryptography. Arch Computat Methods Eng 28, 3831–3868 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09561-2

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